比较优势、竞争优势与区域制造业转移  

Comparative Advantage,Competitive Advantage and Regional Manufacturing Migration

作　　者：张跃[1] 王图展[2] 刘莉 ZHANG Yue;WANG Tuzhan;LIU Li(Department of Rural Development,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences(Graduate School),Beijing 102488,China;College of Economics and Management,Southwest University,Chongqing 400700,China;Party School of Suining Municipal Party Committee of the Communist Party of China,Suining 629000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学(研究生院)农村发展系,北京102488 [2]西南大学经济管理学院,重庆400700 [3]中共遂宁市委党校,四川遂宁629000

出　　处：《当代经济科学》2018年第6期107-118,130,共13页Modern Economic Science

基　　金：国家社会基金青年项目(13CGL086);重庆市人文社科重点研究基地项目(16SKB062);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资助项目(SWU1709213)

摘　　要：当前我国各地区制造业份额发生了较大程度的增减变化,这种相对意义上的区域制造业转移表现出东出西进、就近转移和空间集聚等诸多特征。以往有关贸易和经济发展战略的学术争论往往把比较优势和竞争优势对立起来,本文则从理论上指出两者是分别代表区域内相对优势、区域外绝对优势的互补关系。实证分析表明,显示性和潜在性比较优势对区域制造业转移均有影响,基于波特竞争优势理论的4个要素和2个变数也同样发挥作用,只是某些变量的估计结果在不同时期和不同细分行业中略有差异。本文不仅对比较优势、竞争优势非此即彼的理论争鸣提供了新的观点和经验证据,而且对各地区按照比较优势确定产业分工、增强行业竞争优势从而促进当地经济发展具有实践启示意义。At present,China’s regional manufacturing share has varied greatly.Such regional manufacturing migration in the relative sense has embodied a lot of characteristics,such as“east out,west in”,“nearest migration”and“spatial agglomeration”.The former academic disputes about trade and economic development tends to put the comparative advantage and competitive advantage in opposition.Theoretically,this paper points out that they represent the complementary relationship of relative advantage in a region,and the absolute advantage outside the region respectively.It is shown in the empirical analysis that revealed comparative advantage and potential comparative advantage affect regional manufacturing migration;the 4 elements and 2 variables based on Potter theory of competitive advantage also play a role,whereas estimation results of some variables are slightly different in different periods and different subdivided industries.The paper not only provides new viewpoints and empirical evidence for the contention about the non-coexistence of comparative advantage and competitive advantage,but also brings practical significance to each region which determines the industrial division in terms of comparative advantages,and enhances competitive advantages in the industry so as to promote local economic development.

关 键 词：区域制造业转移 比较优势 竞争优势 空间计量 

分 类 号：F424[经济管理—产业经济]