旅游干扰对高寒草地植物多样性和土壤生化特性的影响  

Effect of grassland tourism on plant diversity and soil bio-chemical properties of an alpine grassland

作　　者：孙飞达[1] 朱灿[1] 李飞[1] 刘琳[1] 陈晓霞 SUN Feida;ZHU Can;LI Fei;LIU Lin;CHEN Xiaoxia(College of Animal Science and Technology,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学动物科技学院,四川成都611130

出　　处：《草业科学》2018年第11期2541-2549,共9页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：四川省留学回国人员项目(03109148);四川省教育厅重点项目(17ZA0320)

摘　　要：草原旅游是一种新型的草地利用形式,也是草地经济和草产业的重要组成部分。以若尔盖花湖湿地保护区为研究对象,结合景区旅游开发及利用实际,分析草原旅游干扰对草地植被多样性、土壤相关理化及酶活性性状的影响。结果表明,草原旅游显著降低了草地植物物种丰富度、多样性指数和地上生物量(P<0.05),但对草地均匀度指数和枯落物生物量影响不显著(P>0.05);草原旅游显著降低了土壤含水量、全氮含量和有机碳含量(P<0.05),增加了土壤容重和紧实度,但对全磷含量无显著影响(P>0.05);草原旅游同时也降低了土壤酶活性,其中在表层(0-10cm)土壤中,不同干扰程度的土壤脲酶、磷酸酶和蔗糖酶均呈现出显著差异(P<0.05);草原旅游利用过程中,土壤含水量变化与有机碳、全氮、脲酶和蔗糖酶呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05)。重度干扰的草原旅游将会对草原植物多样性和土壤环境有着显著的负面效应,因此分区分时核算旅游容量阈值、控制游客数量、规范旅游活动行为等措施,对草原旅游及可持续利用具有非常重要的意义。Grassland tourism is a new utilization or use of grassland resources,which also can be a main component of grassland economy and industry.Huahu scenic inside Ruoergai Wetland Reserve was selected as research area,based on the status of tourism development and degree of utilization,to understand the effects of grassland tourism on plant diversity,soil physical,chemical properties,and enzyme activities.The results showed that the species richness,diversity index,and aboveground biomass were significantly reduced by grassland tourism(P<0.05),whereas the effects on the plant evenness index and litter biomass were not significant(P>0.05).Additionally,and soil moisture,the content of total nitrogen and soil organic carbon,and soil enzyme activity were significantly reduced(P<0.05)by tourism disturbance.However,soil bulk density and soil compactness were increased,and the total phosphorus content exhibited no significant changes.Further,urease,phosphatase,and sucrase exhibited significant differences in the surface soil at 0-10 cm depth(P<0.05).The results suggested that grassland tourism drove a significant positive correlation between soil water content and organic carbon,total nitrogen,urease,and sucrase.In short,severe disturbance associated with grassland tourism maybe deeply impact grassland plant diversity and the soil environment.These findings are helpful in understanding the rational utilization of grassland resources and grassland tourism management.Therefore,they have great significance to grassland tourism and sustainable utilization;measures such as tourism capacity threshold,quantity of visitor populations,and tourism activities rules should be established and enforced.

关 键 词：草原旅游 若尔盖 高寒草地 土壤性质 酶活性 

分 类 号：S812.2[农业科学—草业科学] S812.5[农业科学—畜牧学]