江西绿肥紫云英的研究  

The research status and prospect of Astragalus sinicus as green manure in Jiangxi

作　　者：夏海林[1,2] 康丽春 王飞 柯清林 潘晓华 周春火[4] XIA Hailin;KANG Lichun;WANG Fei;KE Qinglin;PAN Xiaohua;ZHOU Chunhuo(Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Genetic Breeding of Ministry of Education,Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Genetic Breeding of Jiangxi Province,Jiangxi Agriculture University, Nanchang 330045,Jiangxi,China;Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources,College of Biological Sciences and Technology,Jiangxi Agriculture University,Nanchang 330045,Jiangxi,China;School of Engineering Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,Jiangxi,China;College of Land Resources and Environment of Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,Jiangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室江西省作物生理生态与遗传育种重点实验室,江西南昌330045 [2]江西农业大学生物科学与工程学院江西省农业微生物资源开发与利用工程实验室,江西南昌330045 [3]江西农业大学工学院,江西南昌330045 [4]江西农业大学国土资源与环境学院,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《草业科学》2018年第11期2711-2721,共11页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划"绿肥高效利用下作物生产化肥减施技术集成与应用"(2017YFD0200808);江西农业大学大学生创新创业训练项目(201710410068)

摘　　要：紫云英(Astragalus sinicus)作为江西省的主要绿肥植物,对提高土壤肥力、改善土壤生态具有十分重要的作用。本文从紫云英的种质资源调查、紫云英-根瘤菌固氮(N)机理及固氮效率影响因素、紫云英还田后对土壤微生物区系的影响3个方面对紫云英的研究现状进行了综述。结果表明,适量的钴、硼、锌、铜和钼等营养元素对紫云英-根瘤菌固氮体系有一定的促进作用;在不影响前茬作物的前提之下,应尽量早播(9月)。紫云英种子生产时,播种量为24kg·hm-2时,其各项指标表现较好,15～20℃温度下,紫云英形成根瘤数和固氮效率都较高,75%～80%田间持水量下紫云英植株生长最好。另外,施用除草剂对紫云英-根瘤菌体系有一定程度的抑制作用。紫云英栽培种植及还田后对土壤微生物生态及土壤质量均有一定的改善作用。本文可为江西省以紫云英作为绿色肥料及推广绿肥还田、作物增效丰产提供一定的理论及技术性指导。Astragalus sinicus(Chinese milk vetch),as a main green manure plant in Jiangxi Province,plays an important role in improving soil fertility and ecology.This paper reviews three aspects,i.e.,the germplasm resource investigation,efficiency of nitrogen fixation mechanism of A.sinicus rhizobia and the factors affecting it,and the effects of returning straw of A.sinicus to the soil.Results show that appropriate quantities of nutritive elements such as Cobalt,Boron,Zinc,Copper,and Molybdenum can positively affect the nitrogen fixation(N)mechanism of A.sinicus rhizobia.Under the premise of not affecting the previous crop,A.sinicus should be sown as early as possible(normally September).All growth indicators showed a positive trend if the quantity of A.sinicus seeds sown is 24 kg·ha-1 per two hours.At a temperature of 15~20℃,the number of A.sinicus root nodules formed and the efficiency of nitrogen fixation were relatively high.A field water holding capacity of 75~80%is the most optimal condition for the growth of A.sinicus.Furthermore,herbicide application shows inhibitory effect to a certain degree on rhizobium A.sinicus system.Cultivation and returning of A.sinicus improves microbial ecology and soil quality to a certain extent.This paper aims to popularize returning of green manure to fields,and to increase the yields and planting efficiencies of crops based on the plantation and application of A.sinicus.

关 键 词：紫云英 固氮机理 固氮效率 土壤微生物 田间持水量 除草剂 江西省 

分 类 号：S142.1[农业科学—肥料学]