基于精密太阳光谱辐射计的气象辐射观测  

Meteorological Radiation Observation Based on Precision Solar Spectroradiometer

作　　者：刘丽莹[1] 郑峰 张国玉[1] 徐毅刚 杨礼艳 吕文华[3] 边泽强[3] 崇伟[3] 李野[1] LIU Li-ying;ZHENG Feng;ZHANG Guo-yu;XU Yi-gang;YANG Li-yan;Lü Wen-hua;BIAN Ze-qiang;CHONG Wei;LI Ye(Changchun University of Science and Technology,Changchun 130022,China;Jiangsu Radio Scientific Institute Co.,Ltd.,Wuxi 214127,China;Meteorological Observation Centre of China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]长春理工大学,吉林长春130022 [2]江苏省无线电科学研究所有限公司,江苏无锡214127 [3]中国气象局气象探测中心,北京100081

出　　处：《光谱学与光谱分析》2018年第12期3663-3672,共10页Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis

基　　金：2014年度国家公益性行业(气象)科研专项课题(GYHY201406037)资助

摘　　要：目前,气象业务观测普遍采用的积分型太阳辐射观测仪器存在观测数据信息量少、数据差异大的观测瓶颈,已无法满足目前众多应用科学研究领域对太阳光谱辐射精细化观测的需求,具有高光谱分辨率的精密光谱辐射计的仪器研制及观测方法与技术已成为太阳辐射观测的前沿科技问题。在此背景下,为解决气象领域太阳辐射的精细化观测问题,开展了深入的科学研究与技术开发工作。重点阐述了仪器开发成果和数据观测分析方法,首先介绍了开发研制的用于地基太阳光谱辐照度观测的光谱辐射计系统。光谱辐射计的分光系统采用了平场凹面光栅结构,具有低杂散光、高收光效率和高可靠性的特点,尤其适用于长期无人值守的户外观测。系统所采用的平场凹面光栅的像差校正特性对于300～1 100 nm这种宽谱段的应用来讲更为合适,在整个谱段范围内光谱分辨率变化很小,不同波长通道的带宽基本一致,使用25μm狭缝时光谱分辨率(FWHM)约为2 nm,像素采样间隔小于0. 5 nm。对于太阳辐射观测来讲,这是一种谱段范围和分辨率都与需求十分匹配的专用光谱辐照度观测仪器。其次,在观测数据的基础上,阐述和分析了气象等领域的光谱应用观测方法。太阳辐射照度分布的能量通过不同参数化模型约束的接收系统收集,将太阳光谱辐射在半球天穹中的变化及分布进行约束并划分为水平总辐照度(GHI),法向直接辐照度(DNI)和水平散射辐照度(DHI)三种光谱辐照度辐射分量,阐述了基于GHI,DNI和DHI三种观测形式下的数据特征与用途。其中,GHI是地表实际辐照度水平,适用于太阳能资源评估; DHI反映大气和云态; DNI作为直接透射形式,可用于计算日照时数和分析大气参量。并且,进一步分析了观测形式、光谱特征与地理(经度、纬度、海拔高度、大气质量)及气象参数(云量、大气吸收)之间�The wavelength-integral type solar radiation observation instrument currently used in meteorological service observation has met the bottleneck with insufficient detail of solar radiation and large differences of data,so it has been unable to meet the needs of applied scientific research on the fine observation of solar spectral radiation.Observation methods as well as instrumentation research and development of the precision spectroradiometer with high spectral resolution have become the frontier science and technology issues in solar radiation observation of meteorological field.Under aforementioned scientific research back ground,our research group has been supported by National(Meteorological)Indu stry Research Special Funds for Public Welfare Projects.In order to solve the problem of fine observation of solar radiation in the meteorological application field,in-depth scientific research and technology development have been carried out.This paper focuses on the discussion about the instrument developm ent achievements and analysis methods of observation data.Firstly,the spectr oradiometer system used for ground-based solar spectral irradiance observation is introduced.The optical bench of the spectroradiometer adopts a spectrograph structure based on flat field concave grating,which has the excellent optical characteristics such as low stray light,high light collection efficiency and high reliability,so it is especially suitable for long-term unattended outdoor meteorological observation.The aberration correction characteristic of flat field concave grating used in the spectroradiometer system is more suitable for the wide spectrum range application from 300 to 1 100 nm,and there is almost no change of spectral resolution covering the entire measured spectrum range,th at means the bandwidth of different wavelength channels is basically the same.The spectral resolution(FWHM,Full Width at Half Maximum)is approximately 2nm when 25μm slit is used,and the sampling wavelength interval is less than 0.5 nm.

关 键 词：太阳光谱辐照度 光谱辐射计 法向直接辐照度 水平总辐照度 水平散射辐照度 

分 类 号：O433.4[机械工程—光学工程]