美国农业转型过程与政策分析  

The analysis of agricultural transformation and agricultural policy of the United States

作　　者：刘悦 杨浩然[2] 邝坦励[3] LIU Yue;YANG Haoran;KUANG Tanli(School of Economics and Finance,Chongqing University of Technology,Chongqing 400054,China;School of economics,Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing 401120,China;School of Management,Chongqing University of Technology,Chongqing 400054,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆理工大学经济金融学院,重庆400054 [2]西南政法大学经济学院,重庆401120 [3]重庆理工大学管理学院,重庆400054

出　　处：《重庆理工大学学报（社会科学）》2018年第11期82-90,共9页Journal of Chongqing University of Technology（Social Science）

基　　金：重庆理工大学星火计划"基于环境绩效的农业经营模式发展研究"(2015XH25);重庆市教委科学技术研究项目"中国银行业股权结构演化与资本配置效率研究"(KJ1400923)

摘　　要：通过梳理一百年来美国农业转型发展过程,发现美国农业转型的过程有3个特点:农业的小部门化、农场平均经营规模的上升以及全要素生产率对农业总产出贡献不断提高。中国也存在相似的转型轨迹,因而中国的农业转型可以借鉴美国的经验,结合中国自身农业发展状况,减少对农产品价格的干预、完善农村要素市场、积极参与农产品国际贸易并不断提高公共部门和民营部门对农业R&D投入的水平以及农业技术推广服务水平。This paper analyzed the process of agricultural transformation of the United States during the last 100 years,then shed light on China’s ongoing agricultural transition.Three features of agricultural transformation of the U.S.can be identified:a shrinking agricultural sector,expanding farm size and the increasing contribution of total factor productivity to agricultural gross output.China also has similar transformation trajectories.In order to achieve these changes in the agricultural sector,the U.S.agricultural policies have gradually reduced the price interventions and instead of supporting agricultural and rural development.After analysis of the process of American agricultural transformation,combined with China’s own agricultural development,we can draw the following enlightenment:relaxing the intervention in the formation of prices of agricultural products,improving the efficiency of rural factor markets,increasing the openness of domestic food market to international trade are key factors in promoting agricultural transformation.Policies should also focus on stimulating investment on agricultural R&D by both public and private sectors,and enhancing the level of agricultural extension services.

关 键 词：农业转型 小部门化 经营规模 全要素生产率 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济]