减量施肥对河南省典型设施菜田硝态氮和总磷淋溶量的影响  

Effects of Reducing Fertilizer Application on Leaching of Nitrate Nitrogen and Total Phosphorus in Typical Greenhouse Field of Henan Province

作　　者：骆晓声[1] 李艳芬 寇长林[1] 赵晨云 LUO Xiaosheng;LI Yanfen;KOU Changlin;ZHAO Chenyun(Institute of Plant Nutrition,Resources and Environmental Sciences,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Jiaozuo Rural Energy and Environmental Protection Management Station,Jiaozuo 454000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]焦作市农村能源环境保护管理站,河南焦作454000

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2018年第11期61-65,共5页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0800101;2017YFD0800405)

摘　　要：为了降低设施菜地硝态氮、总磷的淋溶损失及污染,采用田间渗漏池法,设置农户常规施肥+畦灌(简称常规+畦灌)、减量施肥+畦灌(简称减肥+畦灌)、减量施肥+沟灌(简称减肥+沟灌) 3个处理,研究减施化肥和有机肥对设施菜田硝态氮、总磷淋溶及蔬菜产量的影响。结果表明,减量施肥后,淋溶水硝态氮、总磷质量浓度及淋容量均降低,其中,减肥+畦灌、减肥+沟灌处理淋溶水硝态氮质量浓度分别较常规+畦灌处理降低35.5%、44.8%,总磷质量浓度分别较常规+畦灌处理降低45.4%、34.5%,硝态氮淋溶量分别较常规+畦灌处理降低42.9%、42.7%,总磷淋溶量分别较常规+畦灌处理降低39.7%、36.2%;蔬菜产量表现为减肥+畦灌>常规+畦灌>减肥+沟灌,差异不显著。综上,适当减量施肥降低了硝态氮、总磷淋容量,且能保持蔬菜产量,尤其是减肥+畦灌处理。In order to decrease the leaching loss and pollution of nitrate nitrogen(NO-3-N)and total phosphorus(TP),leakage pond was used to study the effect of reducing inorganic and organic fertilizer application on leaching amount nitrate N and TP with three treatments of farmers conventional fertilization and border irrigation(T1),reducing fertilization and border irrigation(T2),reducing fertilization and furrow irrigation(T3)in greenhouse field.The results showed that the concentration and leaching amount of NO-3-N and TP of leachate decreased after reducing fertilization,the concentration of NO-3-N of T2 and T3 treatments decreased by 35.5%and 44.8%compared with T1 treatment,the concentration of TP decreased by 45.4%and 34.5%,the leaching amount of NO-3-N decreased by 42.9%and 42.7%,the leaching amount of TP decreased by 39.7%and 36.2%,respectively;the order of vegetable yield was T2>T1>T3,there was no significant difference among them.Overall,appropriately reducing fertilization decreased leaching amount of NO-3-N and TP,and could keep the vegetable yield,especially T2 treatment.

关 键 词：设施菜田 淋溶水 减量施肥 硝态氮 总磷 

分 类 号：S63[农业科学—蔬菜学] S626[农业科学—园艺学]