方言多样性与市场一体化:基于城市圈的视角  

Dialect and Market Segmentation: Evidence from the Synthetic Metropolitan Area

作　　者：丁从明[1] 吉振霖 雷雨[1] 梁甄桥 DING Congming;JI Zhenlin;LEI Yu;LIANG Zhenqiao(School of Public Affairs,Chongqing University)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学公共管理学院

出　　处：《经济研究》2018年第11期148-164,共17页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：重庆大学科研创新项目(2018CDJSK01XK06)的资助

摘　　要：高质量经济发展模式需要构建要素充分自由流动的一体化市场,而文化和方言多样性对市场分割具有潜在影响。历史上方言分布与行政区划的高度重叠使得方言多样性对市场分割的影响效应被低估。为打破行政区划带来的因果识别困难,本文利用中心城市及与其接壤的地级市人工合成"城市圈",实证分析了方言种类对市场一体化程度的影响。结果发现:方言多样性是阻碍国内市场一体化形成的重要因素。在考虑了测量误差和遗漏变量问题之后,上述结论依然成立。此外,由于地方戏曲主要使用当地方言演唱、面对当地居民的特征,本文进一步采用地方戏曲种类作为方言多样性的工具变量,两阶段估计结果表明城市圈内每增加1种方言,平均而言市场分割程度提高2.42%;相较于单一方言的城市圈,方言数量处于平均水平的城市圈市场分割程度高了近8.23%。本文为理解文化与语言在经济发展中的作用提供了有益的见解。China,as a transitional economy,faces a high level of market segmentation among administrative regions,which lowers the efficiency of resource allocation and the total factor productivity(TFP)rate.The literature has focused on the negative effects of local protectionism and administrative division on the formation of market integration in the economic growth process.However,considering that administrative districts such as prefectures usually overlap with cultural regions in China,the effects of local protectionism and administrative division on market segmentation may be overestimated because cultural diversity may also be negatively related to market integration.More importantly,diversity of dialect tends to increase the cost of communication,making it a barrier to labor migration and decreasing the level of generalized trustamong people.As a result,it may have adverse effects on the market integration process.Recently,more empirical works have explored the relationship between cultural diversity,which they usually measure as the number of dialects and amount of economic growth in the region,and have generally shown consistent results.For example,Xu et al.(2015)shows that dialect diversity has adverse effects on GDP per capita.Zhao&Lin(2017)find that dialect diversity and not genetic differences can explain regional disparities in China to a large extent.Similarly,Liu et al.(2017)indicates that dialect diversity has adverse effects on the productivity of neighboring counties.Nevertheless,to the best of our knowledge,few works reveal the impact of dialect diversity on the level of market segmentation among regions in China.Taking a somewhat different approach,we directly focus on the effects of dialect diversity on market segmentation.Empirically,to estimate the causal effects of dialect diversity on market segmentation,we randomly build the synthetic metropolitan area as the fundamental analysis unit in which a core prefecture borders several other governorates.Consequently,within the artificial metropolitan ar

关 键 词：方言多样性 市场一体化 城市圈 

分 类 号：F299.2[经济管理—国民经济] H17[语言文字—汉语]