美国产品责任法中的市场份额责任规则及其启示  

Market Share Liability Rule in the US Product Liability Law and Its Enlightenment

作　　者：李俊[1] 刘梦云 Li Jun;Liu Mengyun

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学法学院 [2]北京市平谷区人民检察院

出　　处：《中州学刊》2018年第11期73-78,共6页Academic Journal of Zhongzhou

基　　金：对外经济贸易大学"双一流"学科建设子课题"完善我国产品质量与安全法的思考"

摘　　要：在产品侵权案件中,当某种缺陷产品造成损害而市场上存在多个制造该缺陷产品的生产者时,如果受害人无法举证该致害产品到底来自哪一个生产者,根据传统侵权法的举证规则,受害人就会因为不能证明因果关系而无法得到救济。这显然不利于保护消费者。面对这种情况,美国法院在涉及产品责任的案件中创造性地发展出了市场份额责任规则。我国司法实践中也经常出现类似情况,根据现行法律规定,这类案件中的受害人还缺乏有效的救济途径。目前我国正在制定民法典,全面分析美国产品责任法中市场份额责任规则的产生背景、司法适用状况、发展完善程度,厘清该规则与我国相关法律制度的差异,明确我国立法中引入该规则的必要性及其适用条件,对于完善我国产品责任法体系,避免民法典制定中出现相关疏漏,具有十分重要的意义。In product infringement cases,when a defective product causes damage and there are multiple producers of the defective product on the market,if the victim cannot prove which producer the product is from,according to the rule of proof under traditional torts law,the victim will not get remedies for lacking in proximate cause.This is obviously not conducive to the protection of consumers.In face of this situation,US courts have creatively developed market share liability rules in product liability cases.Similar situations often occur in our country′s judicial practice.Under the current legal regulations,victims in such cases still lack effective remedies.At present,China is formulating the Civil Code,so it is necessary to comprehensively analyze the background of the market share liability rule in the US product liability law as well as the judicial application status and the degree of development and perfection,clarify the difference between the rule and the relevant legal system in China,and define the necessity of introducing the rule in China′s legislation and its applicable conditions.It is of great significance for improving China′s product liability law system and avoiding relevant loophole in the formulation of the Civil Code.

关 键 词：产品责任 市场份额责任 产品侵权 消费者保护 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]