美国慈善事业的文化基因  

Cultural Dna of Ameican Philanthropy

作　　者：Some Hewa 刘波(译)[2] 熊常君(译)[3] Soma Hewa

机构地区：[1]加拿大女王大学政策研究学院 [2]广州大学公共管理学院 [3]广东女子职业技术学院

出　　处：《广州公共管理评论》2016年第1期21-49,338,共30页

摘　　要：新英格兰清教主义融合了经典哲学和复兴人文主义的精华,通过灌输推理和心证作为其向全世界标榜的指导原则,在没有丝毫损害主世之神的权威的前提下,平息了世俗对其的焦虑。由此,清教主义和启蒙主义思想,一道成为塑造美国社会思想的重要因素。然而,无论是宗教情感还是理性推理都未能成为美国社会文化的驱动力。游移于道德审判和理性推理之间,新英格兰清教徒在新教教义关于人类、人们之间的关系、世俗生活等内容上实现了和谐。其潜在的假设包括人类本身的脆弱和人类向神的意志屈服的迫切需求。正如神的意志中向人类提供服务的特殊召唤,人们在自己的社区里从事公益活动,被认为是基督徒生活的典型缩影。这就是塑造美国主流文化和文明价值的道德行为的特殊模式。本文以20世纪的大慈善家如卡耐基和洛克菲勒为例,揭示了美国文化的伦理原则,并重点审视了这些伦理原则对美国有组织的慈善事业产生的影响。New England Puritanism was a combination of both classical philosophy and humanism of the Renaissance.Puritan theology,by infusing“reason”and“conviction”as guiding principles of worldly conduct,overcame the anxiety of the faithful without undermining the authority of God over this world.Puritanism and Enlightenment philosophy converged in shaping American social thought.Yet,neither religious sentiment,nor intellectual reason became the overriding force in the cultural character of American society.Within the framework of moral conviction and intellectual reason,New England Puritans achieved harmony among the Protestant teachings about humans,their relationship to each other,and the everyday life of the faithful.The underlying assumption was the innate weakness and fragility of human beings,and the compelling need to subordinate all human endeavors to the will of God.And,the will of God being the service to humanity in a particular calling,the benevolent activity within one s own community was deemed to be the epitome of the model Christian life.It is this particular model of ethical conduct that shaped the mainstream culture and civic values of the United States.This paper examines those defining ethical tenets of American culture and their influence on organized philanthropy in the United States by drawing upon the“lives”of major philanthropists of the last century such as Andrew Carnegie and John D.Rockefeller.

关 键 词：慈善事业 清教主义 美国文化 

分 类 号：G129[文化科学]