柬埔寨“红色高棉”战后华商经济复兴的人类学分析  

An Ethnographic Analysis of Revitalizing Chinese Business and Economy in Cambodia Post-Khmer Rouge War

作　　者：罗杨 LUO Yang(China Institute for Chinese Overseas Studies,Beijing 100007,China)

机构地区：[1]中国华侨华人研究所,北京100007

出　　处：《华侨华人历史研究》2018年第4期59-67,共9页Journal of Overseas Chinese History Studies

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学"十三五"规划2016年度<广东华侨史>特别委托项目(立项批准号:GD16TW08-4)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：论文基于对柬埔寨及东南亚华人经济研究的三种解释范式,探讨了华人尤其是华商在整个柬埔寨社会结构中的位置与功能,分析了他们如何将自身社会嵌入本土社会结构之中,适应并巩固如今的地位,并提出了柬埔寨华商的"中间层"模式。认为华商曾推动柬埔寨历史上出现过两种转变:一是推动柬埔寨从农耕之国转为海洋贸易之国;二是在柬埔寨沦为法国的保护国的过程中,推动西方外来者适应土著市场。20世纪七八十年代的战乱后,华商经济发生两次复兴,分别与历史上的两种转变相对应:华商建立起"区域性的贸易体系",再次使柬埔寨经济融入外部世界;而后华商转向发展土地经济,使新的外来者适应本土社会。华商的"中间层"模式与柬埔寨的文化观念和社会结构相嵌合。柬埔寨华商与土著社会和更广阔的外部世界互为他者,他们认识和理解不同的社会文化机制,使自身融入其中而又超脱其外。This article offers three paradigms in studying overseas Chinese business and economy in Cambodia and Southeast Asia by large.It explores the status and function of overseas Chinese,especially overseas Chinese businessmen,in the entire Cambodian social structure,and how they embed their own society into the local social structure,adapting and consolidating their current status.It foregrounds the intermediary sphere model with the empirical date of overseas Chinese businessmen in Cambodia.In specific,Chinese businessmen mobilized two great changes in Cambodian history,one from agriculturalist to maritime trade oriented,and the other from independent to be colonized by the French,thereby facilitating the adaptation of the Western incomers into the local markets.Since the warring 1970s and 80s,Chinese businessmen and economy has undergone two major transformations that go parallel with the previous two:(1)the establishment of“regional trade system”spearheaded by the Chinese that puts Cambodia to the outward world;and(2)the development of land economy that again facilitates the outsiders’adaptation to the local markets.The intermediary sphere model in the Chinese businessmen is proven effective to understand the embeddedness of Chineseness in the culture and society of Cambodia.Moreover,the dynamic interaction between indigenous Cambodians and Chinese,as well as Cambodia and the outward worlds,enables the multiple ways to engage with both the inward and outward worlds.

关 键 词：柬埔寨 红色高棉 华商经济 多元社会 “中间层”范式 

分 类 号：D634.333.5[政治法律—政治学]