基于多尺度的我国高校高水平运动队的空间分布和均衡性分析  

Analysis on Spatial Distribution and Equilibrium of High-level Sports Teams in Chinese Universities Based on Multi-scale

作　　者：赵建峰 张殷波[2] 李建英[1] ZHAO Jianfeng;ZHANG Yinbo;LI Jianying(School of PE,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China;College of Environmental and Resource Sciences,Shanxi University,Taiyu.an 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大学体育学院,山西太原030006 [2]山西大学环境与资源学院,山西太原030006

出　　处：《天津体育学院学报》2018年第3期191-196,共6页Journal of Tianjin University of Sport

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(项目编号:31100392);山西省软科学研究项目(项目编号:2014041057-1)

摘　　要：以体育地理学为理论基础,运用地统计学及GIS空间分析,对当前我国高校高水平运动队进行不同尺度的空间分布特征分析,结果表明:(1)我国275所高校高水平运动队分布在7个地理区域、除西藏外的30个省(自治区、直辖市)以及80个城市,并且在不同空间尺度上表现出不同分布特征,在区域和省级尺度的分布为离散型且较为均衡,而在市级和高校尺度的分布为聚集型且较为集中;(2)采用地理集中指数、基尼系数、不平衡性系数和洛伦兹曲线等方法分析得出,我国普通高校高水平运动队空间分布的均衡性与空间尺度有关,随着尺度从区域、省级到市级递减,其均衡程度也逐渐降低,尤其在市级尺度上呈现出明显的不均衡特征,地理集中程度则逐渐增强且在市级尺度的差异也最大;(3)运用核密度图得出高水平运动队的高密度分布区为北京—天津、上海—苏州—南京、武汉和西安4个区域,而低密度分布区为我国西部和西南地区,以及中高密度区的外围圈层等区域;(4)我国普通高校高水平运动项目的分布主要集中在北京、上海、南京、天津、武汉等经济发达且高校资源丰富的城市,但35%的运动项目的招生高校不足5所,分布极不均衡。因此,在空间上优化我国高校高水平运动队的布局对于促进高校竞技体育的均衡、持续、和谐发展具有重要意义。Based on the theory of sports geography,the spatial distribution characteristics of high-level sports teams in Chinese universities were analyzed by using geo-statistics methods and GIS spatial analysis tools.The results indicated that:(1)275 high-level sports in Chinese universities were distributed in 7 geographical divisions,30 provinces(autonomous regions or municipalities)except Tibet,and 80 cities.The distribution characteristics of high-level sports teams were varied in different spatial scales.The distribution type is discrete and balanced in the regional and provincial scales,while was aggregated and concentrated in the municipal and university scales.(2)Using geographical concentration index,Gini coefficient,imbalance coefficient and Lorenz curve methods,it was concluded that the spatial distribution equilibrium of high-level sports teams in Chinese universities was related to the scales.With the decrease of scales from regional to provincial and municipal level,the distribution equilibrium degree of high-level sports teams gradually decreased,and it was most obvious in the municipal scale.While the degree of concentration gradually increased,and the difference was bigger in the municipal scale.(3)The kernel density figure showed that high density regions of high-level sports teams in Chinese universities were located in Beijing-Tianjin,Shanghai-Suzhou-Nanjing,Wuhan and Xi'an four regions,while low density regions were mainly distributed in the West and Southwest of China,as well as the outer circle of high and middle density regions.(4)The high-level sports in Chinese universities were mainly concentrated in Beijing,Shanghai,Nanjing,Tianjin and Wuhan,where economic was developed and resources of university are rich.However,35%sports were less than 5 universities,which showed extremely equilibrium.Therefore,it is of great significance to optimize the layout of high-level sports teams in Chinese universities,which is conducive to the balanced,sustained and harmonious development of competitive sports in

关 键 词：高校高水平运动队 地理分布 地统计学 GIS 

分 类 号：G808.1[文化科学—体育训练]