稻秆浸提液对小麦根尖和胚乳结构及幼苗生长的影响  

Effects of rice straw extract on wheat root tip,endosperm structure and seedling growth

作　　者：李波[1,2] 杨阳 曹文韬[2] 刘建 余徐润[2] 熊飞[2] 魏亚凤[1] LI Bo;YANG Yang;CAOWen-tao;LIU Jian;YU Xu-run;XIONG Fei;WEI Ya-feng(Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Jiangsu Changjiang River Bank District,Nantong,Jiangsu 226541,China;College of Bioscience and Biotechnology,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所,江苏南通226541 [2]扬州大学生物科学与技术学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2018年第11期2162-2168,共7页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31571573);南通市应用研究计划项目(MS12016050);南通市循环农业重点实验室项目(CP12015003)

摘　　要：【目的】探明稻秆浸提液对小麦发芽的影响机制,为稻秆还田条件下小麦高产高效栽培技术研究提供理论依据。【方法】以扬麦16和扬麦22为试验材料,设4个稻秆浸提液质量浓度(0.02、0.04、0.06和0.08 g/mL),以蒸馏水为对照(0 g/mL,CK),测定不同处理小麦的种子发芽率、苗高、根数、根长和α-淀粉酶活性,并观察萌发2和6 d的小麦胚乳及根尖显微结构。【结果】稻秆浸提液对小麦发芽率具有抑制作用,且浸提液质量浓度越高,抑制作用越强。不同质量浓度的稻秆浸提液对小麦苗高、根系生长的影响表现为典型的低促高抑现象,其中0.02 g/mL处理对小麦的根长和苗高均有促进作用,0.08 g/mL处理则对二者均有明显的抑制作用,其他稻秆浸提液处理对不同品种小麦幼苗生长的影响存在一定差异。随稻秆浸提液质量浓度的升高,小麦根系分生区细胞的形态结构发生改变,浸提液质量浓度超过一定程度时会使根尖分生区细胞明显变形。高质量浓度稻秆浸提液还会显著降低小麦胚乳淀粉体的降解程度(P<0.05),随着浸提液质量浓度的升高,小麦种子中α-淀粉酶活性也随之下降,0.08 g/mL处理的小麦α-淀粉酶活性萌发2 d时较CK下降36.70%,萌发6 d时较CK下降28.13%。【结论】稻秆浸提液对小麦种子萌发有抑制作用,对幼苗生长的影响表现为低促高抑,稻秆浸提液主要通过影响小麦淀粉体降解及淀粉酶活性来影响小麦种子萌发。【Objective】Influence mechanism of rice straw extract on wheat germination were studied in order to provide theoretical basis for the study of high-yield and high-efficiency technology of wheat returning rice straw to the field.【Method】In this study,Yangmai 16 and Yangmai 22 were used as experimental materials.Four mass concentrations of rice straw extract including 0.02,0.04,0.06 and 0.08 g/mL were set up,with distilled water as control(0 g/mL,CK).Seed germination rate,seedling height,root number,root length andα-amylase activity of wheat in different treatments were determined,and the micro structure of wheat endosperm and root tip were observed 2 and 6 d after germination.【Result】Rice straw extract inhibited the germination rate of wheat and the inhibitory effect increased with the growth of mass concentration of extract.Different mass concentrations of rice straw extract had different effects on the seedling height and root growth of wheat,which was summarized as low concentration promoted growth and high concentration inhibited growth.When the mass concentration of rice straw extract was 0.02 g/mL,the root length and seedling height of wheat were promoted,and the root length and seedling height were inhibited when the mass concentration was 0.08 g/mL.The effects of other rice straw extracts on the seedling growth of different varieties of wheat were different.As the mass concentration of rice straw extract increased,the morphological structure of cells in wheat root meristematic zone also changed.When the concentration of extract was higher than a certain degree,cells in root tip meristematic zone would be deformed.High mass concentration of rice straw extract would significantly reduce the degradation degree of amyloplast in wheat endosperm.The activity ofα-amylase in wheat seeds also decreased with the increase of the mass concentration of extract.Compared with CK treatment,theα-amylase activity of wheat under 0.08 g/mL treatment decreased by 36.70%and 28.13%respectively at 2 and 6 d after ge

关 键 词：稻秆浸提液 种子萌发 根尖结构 胚乳淀粉体 

分 类 号：S512.101[农业科学—作物学]