高温环境下枣光合特性及相关生理指标日变化  

Study on Diurnal Variation of Photosynthetic Characteristics and Related Physiological Indexes of Jujube under High Temperature Environment

作　　者：杨磊[1] 靳娟 冯贝贝 樊丁宇[1] 牛莹莹[2] 郝庆[1] YANG Lei;JIN Juan;FENG Bei-bei;FAN Ding-yu;NIU Ying-ying;HAO Qing(Research Institute of Horticultural Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Pomology(Xinjiang),Ministry of Agriculture,Urumqi 830091,China;Research Centre of Featured Fruit Trees,Xinjiang Agriculture University,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所/农业部新疆地区果树科学观测实验站,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆农业大学新疆特色果树研究中心,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2018年第9期1639-1646,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务经费项目"耐热和热敏感枣对高温胁迫的生理生化响应及转录组表达分析"(ky2018008);自治区重点研发计划项目"新疆红枣产业提质增效关键技术研发与应用"(2017B01002-1);新疆农科院园艺所青年基金项目"高温胁迫对红枣授粉生物学的影响研究";2017年中央财政林业改革发展资金(林业科技推广示范项目)"枣裂果综合防治技术示范与推广"~~

摘　　要：【目的】研究两个枣品种在高温环境下光合特性及相关生理指标的差异。【方法】以10 a生骏枣和伏脆蜜为对象,在吐鲁番田间自然高温条件下,测定光合日变化参数,采集相同部位叶片,测定丙二醛(MDA)、渗透调节物质。【结果】伏脆蜜的净光合速率(P_n)为单峰型;骏枣则呈双峰型,且在12:00有明显的光合午休现象。两品种蒸腾速率(T_r)均呈双峰型,但伏脆蜜的蒸腾速率(T_r)变化更剧烈,在14:00有明显的谷值。两品种的丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸(Pro)和可溶性蛋白(SP)含量变化趋势基本一致,其中骏枣的MDA和Pro明显高于伏脆蜜,且MDA含量骏枣较伏脆蜜提前4 h达到最大值。【结论】高温环境下,伏脆蜜无光合午休现象,叶片的净光合速率(P_n)和蒸腾速率(T_r)较骏枣高;骏枣叶片MDA和Pro含量明显高于伏脆蜜,其叶片细胞膜受损比伏脆蜜重。光合特性和生理指标两方面均证明伏脆蜜细胞膜稳定性较强,耐高温能力优于骏枣。【Objective】To study the differences of photosynthesis and physiological responses to heat stress between two jujube cultivars in the areas of atypical warmth.【Method】The photosynthetic diurnal changes of 10-year-old Fucuimi and Junzao were determined under natural high-temperature conditions in the field of Turpan.Meanwhile,the leaves at the corresponding time were collected to determine the contents of malondialdehyde(MDA),osmoregulation substances in the laboratory.【Result】The results showed that diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate(P n)of Fucuimi was single-peak curve,while that of Junzao was a typical bimodal curve with noon break at 12 o'clock.The Transpiration rate(T r)of the two cultivars showed a bimodal curve,but Fucuimi changed more drastically,with obvious troughs at 14 o'clock.The trends of MDA,proline(Pro),and soluble protein(SP)content in the two varieties were the same.The MDA and Pro of Junzao were significantly higher than that of Fucuimi.The content of MDA in Junzao reached the maximum value 4 hours earlier than Fucuimi.【Conclusion】In the high temperature areas,Fucuimi didn't have a noon break in photosynthetic,and it's P n and T r of the leaves were higher than those of Junzao.The contents of MDA and Pro in the leaves of Junzao were significantly higher than those of Fucuimi.Both photosynthetic characteristics and physiological indexes proved that the cell membrane stability of Fucuimi was stronger than that of Junzao.Fucuimi was more resistant to high temperatures than Junzao.

关 键 词：枣 高温 光合特性 渗透调节物质 日变化 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]