油脂的添加形式和日粮类型对育肥猪生长、屠宰性能及养分消化率的影响  

Effects of different diet types and oil addition methods on growth,slaughter performance and nutrient digestibility of finishing pigs

作　　者：袁文菊[1] 孙留霞[1] 赵庆枫[1] YUAN Wenju;SUN Liuxia;ZHAO Qingfeng(Zhoukou vocational and technical college,Zhoukou,Henan Province 466000,China)

机构地区：[1]周口职业技术学院,河南周口466000

出　　处：《中国饲料》2018年第22期62-66,共5页China Feed

摘　　要：文章旨在研究不同日粮类型(小麦-大麦型或副产物型)和油脂的不同添加形式(直接添加或喷雾)对育肥猪生长、屠宰性能及养分消化率的影响。本研究分为两个试验部分,试验1选择180头平均体重为(50.45±3.52)kg的三元肥猪,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头猪,用于评估干物质、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维、粗脂肪、能量和磷的消化率。日粮类型分为两种,即小麦-大麦型和副产物型(玉米蛋白粉、锯末、菜粕),油脂的添加形式也分为两种,即直接添加4%大豆油和1%大豆油+3%喷雾大豆油。试验2选择600头体重一致的三元肥猪,随机分为6组,每组5个重复,每个重复20头猪,用于评估日粮类型和油脂添加形式对生长和屠宰性能的影响。日粮组成同试验1,试验由14周龄开展到24周龄。结果 :小麦-大麦型或副产物日粮添加大豆油(4%大豆油或1%大豆油+3%喷雾大豆油)显著提高了粗脂肪和磷的表观消化率,显著降低了磷的排泄量(P <0.05)。小麦-大麦型日粮添加大豆油显著降低了氮的排泄量(P <0.05)。与添加4%大豆油相比,副产物型日粮添加1%大豆油+3%喷雾大豆油显著提高了粗脂肪的表观消化率(P <0.05)。小麦-大麦型日粮显著提高了育肥猪的日增重、末重、屠体重和消化能摄入量(P <0.05),显著降低了料重比(P <0.05)。结论 :小麦-大麦型较副产物型日粮提高了育肥猪的生长性能,两种类型日粮添加大豆油均可改善育肥猪的料重比,油脂添加形式对育肥猪生长性能和养分消化率无显著影响。This study aimed to investigate the effect of different diet types and oil addition methods on growth,slaughter performance and nutrient digestibility of finishing pigs.Diets were formulated from wheat-barley and by-product(corn gluten,pollards and rapeseed),and two oil addition methods(4%oil added in pellets(OA)or 1%added in pellets and 3%sprayed oil(OS)).For trial 1,a total of 180 pigs(50.45±3.52 kg)were allotted to 6 groups with 3 replicates of 10 pigs,to evaluate the nutrient digestibility.For trial 2,a total of 600 pigs were allotted to 6 groups with 5 replicates of 20 pigs to evaluate the growth and slaughter performance.The trial last 10 weeks.Results showed that oil addition(4%OA and 1%OA+3%OS)increased the coefficient of apparent total digestibility of lipid and phosphorus and decreased phosphorus excretion in both byproduct-based and wheat-barley diets(P<0.05).The total amount of nitrogen excreted also decreased(P<0.05)when oil was added to the wheat/barley-based diets.The coefficient of apparent total digestibility of lipid of by-product-based diets increased(P<0.05)when oil was added by 4%OA and 1%OA+3%OS.Pigs offered wheat-barley-based diets had higher coefficient of apparent total digestibility dry matter(P<0.05)and higher growth rates(P<0.05),finish weights(P<0.05)and carcass weights(P<0.05)compared with by-product-based diets.The excretion of nitrogen from wheat-barley-based diets was lower(P<0.05)than from by-product-based diets.In conclusion,the performance of pigs was better when they were offered wheat-barley diets.Oil addition improved feed conversion ratio with both wheat-barley and by-product diets but the methods of oil addition had no significant effect on pig performance or the coefficient of apparent total digestibility.

关 键 词：育肥猪 油脂 生长性能 屠宰性能 养分消化率 

分 类 号：S828[农业科学—畜牧学]