城市水绿复合系统的蚊虫孳生现状及机制分析——以上海市长风公园水体滨岸和外环西段绿地排水系统为例  

Mosquito breeding conditions and analysis of mechanisms of the urban water-green combined system:A case study on the riparian zone of Changfeng Park and the drainage system of Shanghai's west outer-ring greenbelt

作　　者：肖冰[1,2] 陆昕渝 黄民生[1,2] 李欣然[1,2] 尹超 何岩[1,2] XIAO Bing;LU Xin-yu;HUANG Min-sheng;LI Xin-ran;YIN Chao;HE Yan(School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院,上海200241 [2]华东师范大学上海市城市化生态过程与生态恢复重点实验室,上海200241

出　　处：《华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第6期113-121,共9页Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2017ZX07207001;2018ZX07208008);上海市科技创新行动计划(18DZ1203806)

摘　　要：选取长风公园滨岸带和外环西段绿地排水系统为对象,通过对比分析其蚊幼孳生的效应及成因,为城市水绿复合系统蚊虫的防治提供理论依据.结果表明:由于水质较差、植物遮挡、天敌缺失和光照较弱等原因,外环西段绿地排水系统(劣V类)蚊幼密度显著高于长风公园滨岸带(Ⅳ类)(p<0.05),外环西段绿地排水系统在高峰期蚊幼密度可达157.6条/勺.夏季由于相对封闭且植物生长过密,长风公园菖蒲坑中蚊幼繁殖期较短(春末夏初),但密度较高;而荷花池水面开阔且与银锄湖连通,蚊幼密度较小;铁臂山水池的堆石驳岸亦为蚊幼提供了孳生场所.两区域均有一定的蚊害风险,应根据两者情况采取填坑、开口、卫生治理等蚊虫防治措施.由于蚊虫主要为淡色库蚊,以成蚊形式越冬,两地的血源密度差异导致其蚊幼初次出现的时间相差近20 d.根据冗余分析,蚊幼密度与溶解氧和叶绿素a浓度呈负相关,与NH_4^+-N、TP、BOD_5和COD_(Mn)浓度呈正相关.This paper studied two kinds of urban water-green combined systems,where mosquito larvae were found,hoping to provide a theoretical basis for urban mosquito control and prevention through the comparison and analysis of different factors.The results showed that the larval density in the outer-ring greenbelt drainage system,whose water quality was below Class V,was significantly higher than the larval density in the riparian zone of Changfeng Park with Class IV water(p<0.05);this can be attributed to the relatively poorer water quality and plant cover,fewer predators,weaker illumination,and so on.The larval density reached 157.6 per dip in peak season in the west outer-ring greenbelt drainage system.Because of the relative closure and overcrowded vegetation,mosquito larvae in the Calamus Pit only appeared in late spring and early summer,but with high density.The larval density was low in Lotus Pond owing to the open water surface and the connection with Yinchu Lake.The rock-filled revetment of Tiebi Hill provides shelters for larval survival.Both areas had a risk for mosquito-borne diseases,requiring relevant measures such as filling,revetment restructuration,and environmental improvement.The overwintering form of Culex pipiens pallens are adults and the time difference of the larval presence can be attributed to the availability of blood meal.The larval density was negatively correlated to DO and chlorophyll-a concentration,but positively correlated to NH+4-N,TP,BOD5,and CODMn.

关 键 词：水绿复合系统 蚊幼孳生 水质 植物 

分 类 号：X835[环境科学与工程—环境工程]