“浙派”的“气骨观”——陈从周造园思想的另类解读  

The Zhe School's View of Composition——Alternative Interpretation of Chen Congzhou's Thoughts of Gardening

作　　者：朱宇晖[1] Zhu Yuhui

机构地区：[1]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院建筑系

出　　处：《中国园林》2018年第11期61-63,共3页Chinese Landscape Architecture

摘　　要：浙江优越的山水和艺术人文环境,与其卓越的风土建筑及空间营造句法共振互动,完美契合着东晋绘画"六法"中的"气韵生动、骨法用笔"观念。"气韵"移用于建筑,可指檐口等"灵魂线条"的弹性化、流动化和韵律化等,"骨法"可指其力感化、质感化和体积化等。这一带有"浙派"色彩的线性"气骨观",自觉或不自觉地成为陈从周先生园林营造观与品赏观的重要基石,陈先生脍炙人口的"有法无式论""动静观论""神气论"和"质感存真论",大都可以于此找到理念源头。清乾隆中叶以来,中华建筑与造园界弥漫着"气骨两失"的艺术现象,远远逾越了艺术风格流变的正常规律,而陈先生以其独特的跨越艺术与建筑的两界之身,及其具有气骨唤醒作用的艺术观与园论,投身于20世纪80年代的中华文化艺术浪潮,对于推动中华建筑与造园界的"文艺复兴"与"气骨回归",以及重振中华传统艺术精神具有积极的助推作用;也对重续中华传统"泛文人""泛艺术"社会的横向气脉、重作面向全社会的中华"气骨启蒙"厥功甚伟。The superior scenery of Zhejiang,the atmosphere of art and literature,the extraordinary vernacular architecture and the interaction of space construction perfectly fits the conception of"vivid atmosphere,solid writing"in"six methods"of Eastern Jin Dynasty.The atmosphere can be used in architecture,which means the flexibility and fluidity of lines in cornice.The composition means powerful,tactile,volume and so on.These places have the linear view of composition and the color of"Zhe School",which consciously or unconsciously become the important foundation of Chen Congzhou's view of gardening construction and appreciation.Mr.Chen's profound"the theory of methods without style","the theory of move and still","the theory of atmosphere of god",and"the theory of tactility that matters most"can mostly find the source of theory here.Since the middle age of Emperor Qianlong's reign of Qing Dynasty,there exists art phenomenon of the loss of both atmosphere and composition in both architecture and gardening building in China,which far more overstep the regular rules of changes of art style.Mr.Chen's distinctive role in both art and gardening theory and its composition revoke the theory of art and gardening,which is one of the important part of the wave of art and literature in 1980s in China.There is positive influence in both pushing the"Renaissance"and"the recurrence of composition"in the field of Chinese architecture and gardening and the recruitment of the spirit of traditional art in China.It also makes a great contribution to the continuation of the horizontal atmosphere of traditional Chinese and the"enlightment of composition"of the whole society.

关 键 词：风景园林 气韵 骨法 气骨回归 浙派 陈从周 建筑与造园文艺复兴 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]