不同速度下优秀男子举重运动员膝关节屈伸肌群等速肌力特征研究  

Characteristics of Knee Flexor and Extensor Isokinetic Muscle Strength of Elite Male Weightlifters Under Different Angular Velocities

作　　者：苏转平[1] 于芳[1] 曹电康[1] 张晓炳 李鸿涛 张锐[1] SU Zhuanping;YU Fang;CAO Diankang;ZHANG Xiaobing;LI Hongtao;ZHANG Rui(School of Sport and Physical Education,North China University,Taiyuan 030051,Shanxi,China;Sports Science Research Institute of Shanxi Province,Taiyuan 030012,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]中北大学体育学院,山西太原030051 [2]山西省体育科学研究所,山西太原030012

出　　处：《沈阳体育学院学报》2018年第6期98-103,共6页Journal of Shenyang Sport University

基　　金：山西省社会发展科技攻关计划项目(20120313036-2);中北大学科学研究基金项目(2016)

摘　　要：目的:探讨不同速度下优秀男子举重运动员膝关节屈伸肌群等速肌力特征及变化规律,为专项力量训练及预防膝关节损伤提供依据。方法:采用Cybex-Norm770型等速肌力测试系统,测评山西省男子举重队7名现役运动员不同角速度下(60°/s、180°/s、300°/s)膝关节屈伸肌群等速肌力相关指标。结果:1)男子举重运动员双侧膝关节屈伸肌PT、PT/BW随测试速度增加(60°/s→300°/s)呈下降趋势,且伸肌PT降幅略高于屈肌; 2) DL膝关节伸肌PT、PT/BW在60°/s^300°/s测试速度下均高于NDL,且PT/BW差异显著(P <0. 05)。异侧同名伸肌比值在60°/s^180°/s测试速度下超过10%,异侧同名屈肌比值均在正常范围; 3)膝关节H/Q值随测试速度增加(60°/s→300°/s),增幅在53. 09%~66. 26%之间,其中NDL膝关节H/Q值增幅显著(P <0. 05); 4)举重运动员膝关节屈伸肌AP均随测试速度增加(60°/s→300°/s)而增加,同一测试速度下屈肌AP均显著小于伸肌(P <0. 01); 5)双侧膝关节伸肌所对应APT随测试速度增加而显著减小(P <0. 05),屈肌所对应APT则趋势相反。结论:山西优秀男子举重运动员双侧膝关节伸肌在最大力量和肌肉做功能力上存在差异,伸肌的快速力量大于屈肌,今后在力量训练时应重视屈伸肌力的均衡发展,提高H/Q比值,预防运动损伤。Objective:The purpose is to investigate the characteristics and dynamic changes of knee flexor and extensor muscle strength of elite male weightlifters under different angular velocities and provide references for specific strength training and prevention of knee injuries.Methods:Related indicators of the knee flexor and extensor isokinetic muscle strength of seven male weightlifters of Shanxi weightlifting team under different angular velocities(60°/s,180°/s,300°/s)were measured and assessed respectively by using Cybex-Norm770 isokinetic test system.Results:1)The PT and PT/BW of both knee flexor and extensor of male weightlifters showed a downward trend with the increase of test speed(60°/s→300°/s),and the decrease of PT of extensor was slightly higher than that of flexor;)The PT and PT^BW of DL extensor ofknee joint were higher than those of NDL at the speed of 600/s?300o/s,and the difference ofPT/BW was significant(P<0.05).The ratio of the extensor of the opposite side with the same name exceeded 10%at the speed of 60°/s^1800/s,and the ratio of the flexor of the opposite side with the same name was within the normal range;3)The H/Q ratio showed a trend of increasing as the angular velocities increased,and the range was within 53.09%~66.26%.The HQ ratio of NDL knee joint increased significantly(P<0.05);4)The AP of knee flexor and extensor muscles showed a trend of increasing as the angular velocities increases(60°/s to 300°/s),and the AP of knee flexor was less than that of knee extensor under the same angular velocity(P<0.01);(5)The APT of extensor of both knees reduced with the test speed increasing(P<0.05),he APT of the flexor muscles was the opposite.Conclusion:There remain some differences in the maximum strength and the work capacity of muscles of knee extensor on both sides of the elite male weightlifters in Shanxi.The speed strength of the extensor was greater than that of the flexor.In the future,we should pay attention to the balanced development of flexor and extensor in strength tr

关 键 词：举重运动员 膝关节 等速测试 峰力矩 角速度 

分 类 号：G804.5[文化科学—运动人体科学]