秸秆氨化还田对农田水分与夏玉米产量的影响  

Effects of Ammoniated Straw Incorporation on Soil Water and Yield of Summer Maize(Zea mays L. )

作　　者：董勤各 李悦[1,3] 冯浩 余坤[4] 董文俊[1,3] 丁奠元 DONG Qinge;LI Yue;FENG Hao;YU Kun;DONG Wenjun;DING Dianyuan(Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas,Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Water and Soil Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;College of Water Resource and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited of Power China,Xi’an 710065,China;School of Hydraulic Energy and Power Engineering,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [4]中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司,西安710065 [5]扬州大学水利与能源动力工程学院,扬州225009

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2018年第11期220-229,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2013AA102904)

摘　　要：寻求秸秆资源的有效还田方式对干旱半干旱区农业的可持续发展具有重要意义。本文于2014年和2015年在夏玉米全生育期设置2个秸秆氨化水平(A0:未氨化冬小麦秸秆,A1:氨化冬小麦秸秆)和2个秸秆长度水平(L0:粉碎为短秸秆,L1:大于50 mm冬小麦长秸秆)翻压还田,分析不同预处理秸秆还田条件下夏玉米全生育期株高、叶面积指数、地上部生物量、冠层覆盖度等生长指标以及土壤贮水量、耗水量、产量和水分利用效率的变化。结果表明,2年夏玉米氨化短秸秆翻压还田处理(A1L0)平均土壤体积含水率较未氨化长秸秆处理(A0L1)分别提高了10. 7%和6. 4%;氨化处理土壤体积含水率明显高于未氨化处理,但不同处理间耗水量差异较小;夏玉米灌浆期氨化短秸秆翻压还田处理(A1L0)的平均冠层覆盖度(CC)比其他处理高3. 7%~10. 7%;成熟期氨化短秸秆翻压还田处理(A1L0)的平均地上部干物质量比其他处理高2. 1%~9. 5%,平均产量比其他处理增加2. 8%~9. 1%,平均水分利用效率比其他处理增加1. 7%~7. 4%;氨化短秸秆翻压还田处理(A1L0)能显著提高夏玉米地上部生物量与籽粒产量。因此,氨化短秸秆翻压还田能有效促进夏玉米生长,保持较好的土壤水分条件,有助于提高夏玉米产量和水分利用效率。It is of great significance for the sustainable development of agriculture in the arid and semi-arid region to seek effective straw resources returned to the farmland.A two-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different pre-treated straw returned to the farmland on the dynamics of several eco-physical characteristics of plant shoot height,leaf area index(LAI),aboveground biomass,canopy cover(CC),corn yield,soil water content,evapotranspiration and water use efficiency(WUE)so as to investigate the optimal scheme of the pretreated straw practices in 2014 and 2015.The experiments included two ammoniated straw levels(A0:no ammoniated straw;A1:ammoniated straw)and two straw length levels(L0:wheat straw was crushed into straw debris;L1:length of wheat straw was greater than 50 mm).The results indicated that the average volumetric soil water contents of ammoniated short wheat straw(wheat straw was crushed into straw debris)plowed into the soil(A1L0)were significantly higher than those of long wheat straw(length of wheat straw was greater than 50 mm)plowed into the soil(A0L1)by 10.7%in 2014 and 6.4%in 2015 during the summer maize growing season,respectively.Meanwhile,the treatment of ammoniated short wheat straw(wheat straw was crushed into straw debris)plowed into the soil(A1L0)could significantly increase average green canopy(CC)than other treatments by 3.7%~10.7%during the filling stage in two years,consecutively.Compared with other treatments,the treatment of A1L0 could significantly enhance average biomass,average corn yield and water use efficiency(WUE)by 2.1%~9.5%,2.8%~9.1%and 1.7%~7.4%during the maturity stage in two years,respectively.The treatment of A1L0 could significantly increase the average corn yield and water use efficiency of summer maize.The average volumetric moisture content at 0~160 cm soil layers of ammoniated treatments were significantly higher than that of A0L0 and A0L1 treatments,and the ammoniated treatments(A1L0 and A1L1)significantly increased the crop water use eff

关 键 词：夏玉米 秸秆还田 冠层覆盖度 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]