不同炭化温度和时间下牛粪生物炭理化特性分析与评价  

Physico-chemical Characteristics and Evaluation of Cow Manure Hydrochar at Different Carbonization Temperatures and Durations

作　　者：张进红 林启美[3] 赵小蓉[3] 李贵桐[3] ZHANG Jinhong;LIN Qimei;ZHAO Xiaorong;LI Guitong(Shandong Institute of Agricultural Sustainable Development,Ji’nan 250100,China;Key Laboratory of East China Urban Agriculture,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Ji’nan 250100,China;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业可持续发展研究所,济南250100 [2]农业农村部华东都市农业重点实验室,济南250100 [3]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2018年第11期298-305,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2017YL020);山东省农业科学院青年科研基金项目(2015YQN24)

摘　　要：高含水率是牛粪现有处理方式的限制性因素之一。水热炭化技术不受牛粪高含水率的限制,是安全处置与资源化利用牛粪的极具潜力的技术措施之一。将新鲜牛粪在190℃和260℃下水热炭化处理不同时间(1、6、12 h),收集并测定生物炭性质,并用熵权TOPSIS模型评价其农学应用价值。结果表明,牛粪生物炭理化性质因炭化温度和时间而异。炭化温度从190℃升高到260℃,反应时间由1 h延长至12 h,牛粪生物炭碳、全磷、全钾含量分别增加17. 88%、39. 06%和85. 19%,而产率、氢与碳原子比、氧与碳原子比、氧氮与碳原子比、铵态氮含量、交换态磷含量和交换态钾含量则分别降低26. 65%、24. 00%、68. 42%、64. 29%、98. 91%、89. 26%和42. 30%,炭化程度显著提高。牛粪生物炭红外谱图官能团吸收峰位置变化较小,随着炭化温度升高和时间延长,含氧官能团吸收峰强度降低,金属-卤素化合物吸收峰强度增加。提高炭化温度,延长反应时间,牛粪生物炭表面电荷量及其pH值依变性减弱,比孔容和比表面积也降低。整体而言,炭化温度对牛粪生物炭性质影响大于反应时间。低温短时间处理制备牛粪生物炭的农学应用潜力较大,更适宜作为土壤调理剂。The high water content is one of factors limiting cow manure treatment approach.The hydrothermal carbonization(HTC),which can convert cow manure with high water content into hydrochar,is considered as a potential approach for safe disposal and resource utilization of cow manure.Fresh cow manure was hydrothermally treated at 190℃and 260℃for 1 h,6 h and 12 h,respectively.And then the collected solid products were determined for the physico-chemical properties.Based on entropy-weight TOPSIS model,the agricultural value was evaluated.The aim was to investigate the effect of temperature and time on hydrochar nature,and then provide a theoretical reference for its agricultural application.The results showed that physico-chemical properties of hydrochar was changed with carbonization temperature and duration.Compared with the hydrochar produced at 190℃for 1 h,carbon,total phosphorus and potassium concentrations of hydrochar produced at 260℃for 12 h were increased by 17.88%,39.06%and 85.19%,but yield,H/C atomic ratio,O/C atomic ratio,(O+N)/C atomic ratio,ammonium nitrogen,exchangeable P and K contents were reduced by 26.65%,24.00%,68.42%,64.29%,98.91%,89.26%and 42.30%,respectively.Meanwhile,carbonization degree was increased significantly.With high temperature and long duration,position of functional group absorption peak was varied less,intensity of oxygen functional groups absorption peak was reduced,but intensity of metal-halogen chemical compound performed an opposite trend.The higher reaction temperature and longer residence time caused less surface charges,lower pH value dependence,smaller specific pore volume and specific surface area.Overall,temperature had a large impact on hydrochar nature compared with reaction duration.Cow manure hydrochar produced at low temperature for short time was more suitable as a soil conditioner due to its higher agricultural value.

关 键 词：牛粪 生物炭 温度 时间 水热炭化 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]