汉中盆地龙岗寺遗址第3地点出土的石制品  

Lithic artifacts excavated from Locality 3 of the Longgangsi site in Hanzhong Basin, Shaanxi Province

作　　者：夏文婷[1,2,3] 王社江 夏楠[4] 鹿化煜 王先彦[5] 孙雪峰[5] 张红艳[5] 张文超[5] 卓海昕[5] 邢路达[1,2] 于青瑶 冯武明[6] XIA Wenting;WANG Shejiang;XIA Nan;LU Huayu;WANG Xianyan;SUN Xuefeng;ZHANG Hongyan;ZHANG Wenchao;ZHUO Haixing;XING Luda;YU Qingyao;FENG Wuming(Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100044;CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment,Beijing,100044;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100049;Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology,Xi’an,710054;School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing,210093;Cultural Relics and Heritage Management of Longgang Temple,Nanzheng County,Nanzheng,723100)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,北京100044 [2]中国科学院生物演化与环境卓越创新中心,北京100044 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]陕西省考古研究院,西安710054 [5]南京大学地理与海洋学院,南京210093 [6]南郑县龙岗寺文管所,南郑723100

出　　处：《人类学学报》2018年第4期529-541,共13页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：本研究得到国家自然科学基金项目(41472026,41572022,41401220);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项“关键地史时期生物与环境演变过程及其机制”(Macroevolutionary Processes and Paleoenvironments of Major Historical Biota,XDPB05);国家文物局大遗址保护龙岗寺考古发掘项目;Dutch-Chinese Exchange Program(530-5CDP07)的联合资助。

摘　　要：汉中盆地梁山龙岗寺遗址地处秦岭南麓汉水上游,是我国发现较早的一处旧石器地点群。龙岗寺遗址第3地点位于汉江右岸第四级阶地之上。2014年2～6月,为了配合国家大遗址保护和龙岗寺考古遗址公园建设项目,从根本上廓清龙岗寺旧石器遗存的石器工业面貌,我们对该地点进行了正式发掘,发掘面积36m2,出土不同类型的石制品4441件。龙岗寺第3地点石制品原料为来自于遗址附近河流阶地及河漫滩中的砾石,以石英为主,火成岩次之,石英岩、细砂岩和燧石等偶有使用。锤击法为主要剥片方法,存在少量砸击技术产品。石制品尺寸以小型为主。工具类型主要是以石片为毛坯加工而成的刮削器,有少量的尖状器和雕刻器。石器加工方向多为正向或反向。从出土石制品的情形看,龙岗寺第3地点石制品的面貌更接近于更新世期间华北地区常见的小型石片和修理小石片工具为主体的石器工业类型,这与以往对汉中盆地旧石器工业面貌为华南砾石石器传统的认识有较大的差距。遗址相关的地层年代学研究工作表明,龙岗寺第3地点埋藏石制品的地层堆积形成于距今120～70万年间,属早更新世晚期至中更新世早期阶段。龙岗寺遗址第3地点及其出土的石制品为我们更加全面地了解汉中盆地旧石器遗址群的地层埋藏状况、遗址年代和石器工业内涵提供了比较丰富的材料。Longgangsi site is located in the southern piedmont of the Qinling Mountains,which is found in the early 1950s.Locality 3 of Longgangsi site is on the fourth terrace in the southern bank of the Hanjiang River.From February to June in 2014,a systematical excavation was carried out by a joint archaeological team from the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology(IVPP)of Chinese Academy of Science,Shaanxi provincial institute of Archaeology,Nanjing University,and Longgangsi Heritage Administrative Committee.The excavation exposed a total area of 36 m2,with 4441 stone artifacts yielded.The stone assemblage is consist of manuports(n=23;0.51%),cores(n=63;1.42%),flakes(n=1179;26.55%),chunks(n=1636;36.84%),chips(n=1489;33.53%),and retouched tools(n=51;1.15%),which include scrapers(n=47),points(n=2),and burins(n=2).The general features of the lithic artifacts are summarized as follows:1)stone artifacts were made of local raw materials of cobbles/pebbles which derived from the riverbank alluvial deposits of the Hanjiang River,among them are mainly quartz and igneous rock,although quartzite,fine sandstone and flint are also occasionally used;2)the principal flake knapping method is direct hammer hard percussion,along with bi-polar technique;3)most of the stone artifacts are small(<50mm)in size,large-sized retouched tools such as hand-axes and choppers are absent at this locality;4)The retouched tools are mainly light-duty scrapers,points and burins also exist.Most removal positions of retouched tools are direct and inverse.Stratigraphic comparison and magnetostratigraphic analyses indicate that the age of the site is about 1.2~0.7 Ma.

关 键 词：汉中盆地 龙岗寺遗址第3地点 石制品 第四级阶地 早更新世晚期至中更新世早期 

分 类 号：K871.11[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]