图绘“西医的观念”:晚清西医东渐的视觉修辞实践——兼论观念史研究的视觉修辞方法  

Mapping the Idea of Western Medicine:Searching for Visual Rhetoric Practice of Western Medicine Discourse in Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：刘涛[1,2] Liu Tao

机构地区：[1]暨南大学新闻与传播学院 [2]复旦大学信息与传播研究中心

出　　处：《新闻与传播研究》2018年第11期45-68,127,共25页Journalism & Communication

基　　金：2017年国家社会科学基金重大项目"视觉修辞的理论;方法与应用研究"(项目编号:17ZDA290)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：考察晚清西医的话语观念及其合法化过程,不能忽视图像的生产及其视觉实践。通过对《点石斋画报》等代表性材料的视觉修辞分析,可以发现晚清西医观念的建构存在一个不容忽视的"视觉之维":第一是通过对眼疾、肿瘤等疾病形态的识别及话语接合实践,解决西医话语的合法"出场"问题;第二是通过对身体的原子化处理、他者化表征、可见性生产实践实现西医话语的合法"表征"问题;第三是通过对伦理意象、围观意象、神迹意象三种视觉意象的生产与再造完成西医话语的合法"叙事"问题。因此,视觉修辞提供了一种通往观念史研究的方法论路径,即视觉形式、视觉话语、视觉文化的修辞分析,有助于我们在视觉维度上把握观念的内涵、起源与社会影响,从而拓展观念史研究的视觉向度。In the process of legitimacy construction of western medicine in late Qing Dynasty,the visual practices are not to ignore.By analyzing key press works in late Qing dynasty such as Dian Shi Zhai Hua Bao,the perception of western medicine has been formed through three interdependent dimensions of visual rhetoric practice.The first dimension refers to the symptomatic identification and the symbolic practices of eye diseases and tumors,which offers articulation to the discursive chains of western medicine and legitimize its presence;the second dimension points to the omnipotent imagination and relevant scientific essences,which provides groundings for legitimate cognition of western medicine s discourses through atomizing expression,other representation and visual production;the third dimension is to legitimize western medicine s narratives through the production and recreation of three visual images of ethics,lookers-on and godliness.As a significant approach to analyze visual form,visual discourse,and visual culture,visual rhetoric brings a feasible methodology for exploring history of idea.

关 键 词：晚清 西医 身体 视觉意象 视觉修辞 《点石斋画报》 观念史 

分 类 号：G219.29[文化科学—新闻学] R2-09[医药卫生—中医学]