森林经营对森林冰雪灾害的影响研究综述  

Summary of research on the impact of forest management on forest ice and snow disasters

作　　者：李昌珠[1] 向魁文 唐效蓉[1] LI Changzhu;XIANG Quiwen;TANG Xiaorong(Hunan Academy of Forestry,Changsha 410004,China;Forestry Bureau of Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture,Jishou 416000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省林业科学院,湖南长沙410004 [2]湘西自治州林业局,湖南吉首416000

出　　处：《湖南林业科技》2018年第6期75-80,共6页Hunan Forestry Science & Technology

基　　金：国家林业科学数据平台"湖南省林业科学数据建设与运行服务"(2005DKA32200-12)

摘　　要：近三十年来,由于气候变化,导致气象灾害频繁,特别是冰雪灾害发生的频率和强度均呈上升趋势。基于对2008年我国南方冰雪灾害对森林资源和森林生态系统影响的基础调查数据分析,为减轻森林冰雪灾害,本文从造林树种选择与经营管理两方面综述了森林经营对森林冰雪灾害的影响。要预防或减轻森林冰雪灾害,首先在造林树种选择时要遵循树种的生物学和生态学特性,合理控制对外来树种的引种。其次是在整个森林培育过程中都要重视经营管理,不断提高经营管理水平。在苗木培育时,要注意控制密度;施肥要注意适时、适肥、适量,以提高苗木的木质化程度,从而提高其抗压性和耐低温性。在造林时,要在严格树种选择的前提下注重林分结构,大力营造混交林,增强林分承载厚重积雪的能力。要合理控制造林密度,以提高林分抗冰雪灾害的能力。在林分的生长过程中要适时选择合理的方法和间伐量进行间伐,以增强其抵抗冰雪灾害的能力;同时,要根据树种的生物学特性,适时、合理施肥,并合理、适时修枝,松树类树种采脂不能过早等,以增强其抗冰雪灾害的能力。开展对冰雪灾害前后森林经营技术的研究,对于增强林分抗冰雪灾害的能力,保护现有的森林资源意义重大。In the past three decades,climate change has led to frequent meteorological disasters,especially the frequency and intensity of snow and ice disasters are on the rise.Based on the basic survey data of the impacts of snow and ice disasters on forest resources and forest ecosystems in southern China in 2008,and in order to mitigate forest ice and snow disasters,the impact of forest management on forest ice and snow disasters from afforestation tree species selection and forest management are summarized.Firstly,followed the biological and ecological characteristics of tree species in the selection of afforestation,and reasonably control the introduction of alien tree species.Secondly,in the whole process of forest cultivation,we should attach importance to management and constantly improve the level of management.In the nursery stock cultivation,pay attention to density control;fertilization timely,appropriate fertilization,appropriate amount,in order to improve the lignification degree of seedlings,thereby improving their compressive resistance and low temperature resistance.In afforestation period,pay attention to stand structure under the premise of strict tree species selection,vigorously plant mixed forests,and enhance the capacity of forest to bear heavy snow.The afforestation density should be reasonably controlled in order to improve the stand's ability to resist snow and ice disasters.In the process of forest growth,reasonable methods and thinning amount should be selected in time to enhance the ability of resisting ice and snow disasters.At the same time,according to the biological characteristics of tree species,timely and rational fertilization,pruning and resin picking of pine species should not be premature,so as to enhance their ability of resisting ice and snow disasters.Research on forest management technology before and after ice and snow disasters is of great and snow disasters.At the same time,according to the biological characteristics of tree species,timely and rational fertilization,pruning an

关 键 词：营林技术 森林冰雪灾害 林分因子 林木因子 

分 类 号：S750[农业科学—森林经理学]