民航飞行员的听力损失状况及其影响因素的调查研究  

Investigation on the status of hearing loss and its influencing factors in civilian pilots

作　　者：胡墨绳[1] 张华[2] 王雷[1] 杨秀云[1] 马峰杰[1] 秦彩虹[1] 白银[1] Hu Mosheng;Zhang Hua;Wang Lei;Yang Xiuyun;Ma Fengjie;Qin Caihong;Bai Yin(Civil Aviation Medical Assessment Institute,Civil Aviation Medicine Center,Civil Aviation Administration of China,Beijing100123,China;Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Beijing Tongren Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology,Beijing100005,China)

机构地区：[1]中国民用航空局民用航空医学中心民用航空人员体检鉴定所,北京100123 [2]首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科北京市耳鼻咽喉科研究所,北京100005

出　　处：《首都医科大学学报》2018年第6期955-960,共6页Journal of Capital Medical University

摘　　要：目的探讨民航飞行员人群的听力损失状况及其影响因素。方法收集1 423例经中国民航Ⅰ级体检鉴定诊断为"听力损失"的飞行员医学资料。对纯音气导听阈进行耳侧及频率间比较;分析听力损失的类型及程度;类型组间比较总飞行时间、年龄以及血脂数据;以总飞行时间作为自变量,语频及高频均值分别作为因变量行曲线拟合。结果岛状听力损失组(组A):496例(34. 86%),高频听力损失组(组B):523例(36. 75%),语频听力损失组(组C):67例(4. 71%),全频听力损失组(组D):337例(23. 68%);左侧重度听力损失2耳,中度听力损失7耳,轻度听力损失217耳;右侧重度听力损失5耳,中度听力损失12耳,轻度听力损失220耳; 6 000 Hz阈值增高最显著;组D总飞行时间最长且年龄最大;组间高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein-cholesterol,HDL-C)经多重比较显示,组D和组C数值相对较低;高频均值拟合曲线的斜率相对较大。结论受试人群整体听力水平较好,听力损失以6 000 Hz为著且与年龄及噪声因素有关; HDL-C可能是听觉功能的保护性因素;有必要针对飞行员人群开展多学科协同预防。Objective Study on the status of hearing loss and its influencing factors in civilian pilots subjects.Methods The medical data of1423pilots who were diagnosed as“hearing loss”by Civil Aviation Administration of China(CAAC)classⅠphysical examination was adopted in cluster sampling.The air-conduction threshold between ears and frequencies were compared and the types and severity of hearing loss were analyzed.The total flight time was taken as independent variable,and the speech and high frequency thresholds were used as dependent variables for curve fitting,respectively.Results Island-like shape hearing loss(Group A):496cases(34.86%),high frequency hearing loss(Group B):523cases(36.75%),speech frequency hearing loss(Group C):67cases(4.71%),full frequency hearing loss(Group D):337cases(23.68%).There were2severe,7moderate,217mild hearing loss in left and5severe,12moderate,220mild hearing loss in right;6000Hz hearing loss was the most significant;Group D subjects was the oldest and had the longest total flying time.Multiple comparisons showed that the values of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C)in group D and group C were relatively low.The slope of high frequency thresholds fitting curve was much steeper.Conclusion The overall hearing level of the subjects was high,hearing loss was the severest at6000Hz and related to age and ambient noise.HDL-C may be a protective factor for auditory function.It is necessary to carry out multidisciplinary collaborative prevention for pilot population.

关 键 词：飞行员 听力损失 合格鉴定 预防医学 多学科研究 

分 类 号：R856.76[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]