宁夏黄瓜霜霉病和白粉病病原菌种类鉴定及保存方法研究  

Identification and Preservation of Pathogen Causing Downy Mildew and Powdery Mildew of Cucumber in Ningxia

作　　者：康萍芝[1,2] 白小军 张丽荣[1,2] 杜玉宁[1,2] 张治科 KANG Ping-zhi(Plant Protection Institute,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750002)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院植物保护研究所,宁夏银川750002 [2]宁夏植物病虫害防治重点实验室,宁夏银川750002 [3]宁夏农林科学院,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《宁夏农林科技》2018年第10期7-9,25,共4页Journal of Ningxia Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划重大项目(2016BZ0904)

摘　　要：本试验采用离体叶片接种、人工接种和形态学鉴定方法对宁夏黄瓜霜霉病和白粉病的病原菌进行了种类鉴定,并采用悬滴法等研究了4种保存方法对2种病原菌孢子(囊)的萌发和致病性的影响。结果表明:宁夏黄瓜霜霉病的病原菌为古巴假霜霉菌[Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Perket&Curt) Rostov],黄瓜白粉病的主要致病菌为瓜类单囊壳白粉菌[Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlecht) pollacci]。明确了黄瓜霜霉病菌适宜的保存方法为10%二甲基亚砜+5%脱脂乳保存法;琼脂粉保存法次之,保存条件为-20℃冷冻24 h,再放入-78℃低温保存,其孢子萌发率较高,致病力较强。黄瓜白粉病菌适宜的保存方法为10%蔗糖+12%甘油+7%二甲基亚砜+8%脱脂牛乳混合液保存法,保存条件为-20℃冷冻24 h,再放入-78℃低温保存或直接放于-20℃冰箱保存效果较好。The pathogen of downy mildew and powdery mildew of cucumber in Ningxia were identified by in vitro leaf inoculation,artificial inoculation and morphological identification in this experiment.The influence of four different preservation methods on the germination and pathogenicity of spores(sacs)of two pathogens were tested by pendant-drop.The results shows that the pathogen of cucumber downy mildew is Pseudoperonospora cubensis(Perket&Curt)Rostov and the main pathogen of cucumber powdery mildew is Sphaerotheca fuliginea(Schlecht)pollacci.The preservation methods are listed as followed.The pathogen of cucumber downy mildew should be preserved with the solution 10%dimethyl sulfoxide and 5%skim milk.Agar solution may also be considered as a less effective way.The preservation requires-20℃for the first 24 hours and-78℃afterwards,accounting for higher germination rate and stronger pathogenicity.The pathogen of cucumber powdery mildew should be preserved with the solution of 10%sugar,12%glycerol,7%dimethyl sulfoxide and 8%skim milk.The preservation works at-20℃for 24 hours then-78℃afterwards or directly-20℃.

关 键 词：黄瓜 霜霉病 白粉病 病原菌 种类鉴定 保存方法 

分 类 号：S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学] S436.421[农业科学—园艺学]