中国少数民族劳动力普通话能力的语言收入效应  

Linguistic Income Effects of Mandarin Ability of Ethnic Minority Laborers in China

作　　者：王兆萍[1] 马小雪 WANG Zhao-ping;MA Xiao-xue(Shaanxi Normal University International Business School,Xian Shaanxi 710019,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学国际商学院,西安710019

出　　处：《西北人口》2019年第1期71-82,共12页Northwest Population Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"新疆现代化建设的政策研究"(项目编号:12XZZ010)

摘　　要：提高少数民族普通话运用能力是现阶段增加民族地区劳动力收入、促进贫困人口脱贫的有效路径。基于CGSS2012的数据,采用明瑟方程模型对少数民族劳动力普通话能力的语言收入效应进行分析,研究发现:普通话能力尤其是口语能力,相比教育而言,其对少数民族劳动力职业收入有更明显的提升作用,且在中低收入层次劳动力中体现的更加显著;同时普通话对党政机关、服务业从业人员有重要的语言收入效应。因此在全面建设小康社会背景下,必须将提升少数民族普通话水平上升到国家发展战略层面,以法律为保障,在少数民族地区全面实施普通话教育和开展普通话培训。Improving ethnic Mandarin exerting ability is an effective way to increase labor income and escape poverty.Based on data GGSS2012,using Mincer Equation Model to analyze the linguistic income effects of Mandarin ability of ethnic minorities,we find that:Minority laborers’Mandarin ability,especially their speaking ability,has more pronounced effect on raising the income of ethnic minorities and is more evident in the labor force at the lower and middle income levels.Meanwhile,Mandarin has important linguistic income effects on Party and government agencies and service industry practitioners.Therefore,under the background of building a moderately prosperous society.We must raise the level of improving ethnic minorities Mandarin ability to the strategic level of national development and take law as a guarantee,implementing Mandarin education policies roundly and vigorously carrying out Mandarin training among minority areas.

关 键 词：少数民族劳动力 职业收入 普通话能力 语言收入效应 

分 类 号：F069.9[经济管理—政治经济学]