两类强度厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件对中国近海鲐鱼栖息地的影响  

Influence of El Ni?o and La Ni?a with different intensity on habitat variation of chub mackerel Scomber japonicas in the coastal waters of China

作　　者：郭爱[1,2,3] 张扬 余为[1,2,4,5,6] 陈新军 钱卫国[1,4,5,6] 李曰嵩 Guo Ai;Zhang Yang;Yu Wei;Chen Xinjun;Qian Weiguo;Li Yuesong(College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China;Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316021, China;National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China;Collaborative Innovation Center for Distant-water Fisheries, Shanghai 201306, China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]国家海洋局第二海洋研究所卫星海洋环境动力学国家重点实验室,浙江杭州310012 [3]浙江省海洋水产研究所,浙江舟山316021 [4]国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [5]大洋渔业资源可持续开发省部共建教育部重点实验室,上海201306 [6]远洋渔业协同创新中心,上海201306

出　　处：《海洋学报》2018年第12期58-67,共10页

基　　金：中国博士后基金面上项目(2017M611612);上海市科委地方院校能力建设计划项目(15320502200);上海海洋大学博士启动基金(A2-0203-17-100313);大洋渔业资源可持续发展重点实验室开放基金(A1-0203-00-2009-5);卫星海洋环境动力学国家重点实验室资助项目(QNXH1818)

摘　　要：鲐鱼是中上层鱼类,具有较高经济价值,其种群受到气候和海洋环境的显著影响。本文根据2006-2015年7-9月中国远洋渔业数据中心提供的中国近海鲐鱼捕捞和海表温度以及海面高度两个关键环境因子的数据,构建了基于捕捞努力量的鲐鱼综合栖息地指数模型,分析研究了在不同强度厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜条件下鲐鱼栖息地适宜性的变动规律。通过计算和交叉验证,结果发现,基于算术平均法的栖息地模型能够较好地预测鲐鱼渔场栖息地适宜性指数。空间相关性结果表明,鲐鱼渔场主要作业海域范围内海表温度异常与栖息地指数值呈显著正相关关系,而海表面高度异常与栖息地指数值呈显著负相关关系。不同强度厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件对鲐鱼种群影响不同,具体表现为:相对于中强度厄尔尼诺事件(或中强度拉尼娜事件),超强厄尔尼诺事件(或强拉尼娜事件)驱动鲐鱼主要作业海域内温度下降(或上升),海面高度上升(或降低),鲐鱼渔场适宜栖息地面积显著减小(或增大),导致鲐鱼单位捕捞努力量渔获量骤减(或显著增加)。研究表明,中国近海鲐鱼栖息地适宜性与厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件显著相关,且随着异常气候事件强度的不同而发生变化。The chub mackerel Scomber japonicas is a pelagic species with high economic values.S.japonicas stock is significantly affected by climatic and environmental variability.In this study,an integrated habitat suitability index(HSI)mode was developed based on the fishing effort to evaluate the impacts of different intensity of El Ni o and La Ni a events on habitat suitability of S.japonicas by using the fishery data from July to September during2006-2015obtained from the data centers of Chinese distance water fishery combined with two key environmental variables including sea surface temperature(SST)and sea surface height(SSH).The results suggested that the HSI model based on the arithmetic mean method could accurately predict the habitat suitability on the fishing ground of S.japonicas based on the calculation and cross-validation.Spatial correlation analysis suggested that significant positive relationship was found between SSTA and the HSI of S.japonicas in space.While significant negative relationship was found between the SSH anomaly(SSHA)and the HSI on the fishing ground of S.japonicas in space.Different intensity of El Ni o and La Ni a events has different impacts on S.japonicas stock:comparing to the moderate El Ni o events(or moderate La Ni a events),the very strong El Ni o event(or strong La Ni a event)would yield decreased SSTA(or increased SSTA)and elevated SSHA(or reduced SSHA).The suitable habitat of S.japonicas would significantly decreased(or increased),leading to low CPUE(or high CPUE).Our findings indicated that the El Ni o and La Ni a events have closely relationship with the habitat suitability of S.japonicas in the coastal waters of China,however,the impacts on S.japonicas stock varied with the intensity of each anomalous climatic event.

关 键 词：鲐鱼 厄尔尼诺 拉尼娜 不同强度 栖息地变动 中国近海 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]