广西岩溶景观特征及其形成演化分析  

Characteristics and Formation and Evolution Analysis of the Karst Landscape of Guangxi

作　　者：韦跃龙[1] 李成展[1] 陈伟海[1] 罗劬侃[1] 朱德浩[1] 潘天望 WEI Yuelong;LI Chengzhan;CHEN Weihai;LUO Qukan;ZHU Dehao;PAN Tianwang(Institute of Karst Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences/Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics,Ministry of Natural Resources&Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,Guilin,Guangxi,541004,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/自然资源部、广西岩溶动力学重点实验室,广西桂林541004

出　　处：《广西科学》2018年第5期465-504,共40页Guangxi Sciences

基　　金：中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所基本科研业务费项目(2015033);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20160285,DD20160061和DD20179313)资助

摘　　要：广西岩溶景观主要分布于桂东北、桂中、桂西北和桂西南地区,有峰丛、峰林、孤峰、丘陵、天生桥、石林、象形山、崖壁、洞穴及各类洞穴次生化学沉积物、地下河、穿洞、洼(谷)地、漏斗、坡立谷、盆地、地表河、峡谷、天坑、天窗、竖井、瀑布、泉、湖泊、湿地等类型齐全、形态典型的岩溶景观,囊括所有岩溶景观的类型。它们主要以中上寒武统至中三叠统的碳酸盐岩为物质基础,首先以地表河流域(如红水河、柳江、漓江等)为主线,其次以岩溶地貌区划特征为区域划分标准,然后以所处行政区和所处流域位置(如上、中、下游)为辅线,呈线状有序、集中分布于各典型岩溶景观区及岩溶景区/公园/景点内。它们或以峰丛-峰林,或以岩溶风景河段,或以天坑群,或以地下河天窗群,或以峰丛平原,或以洞穴,或以天生桥,或以跨国瀑布等为核心,组合成多个特色突出,形态优美、珍稀、雄伟、典型,且类型齐全的流域岩溶景观带,并形成独具广西特色的"岛链式"岩溶景观分布格局。它们是全球亚热带岩溶地貌及景观典型集中发育区和杰出范例,是目前世界上展现塔状峰丛-峰林、锥状峰丛、高峰丛深洼地、峰林/孤峰平原、洞穴、天坑、天窗、地下河、天生桥、岩溶风景河段、瀑布、崖壁等岩溶景观美景最杰出的代表地,堪称全球"洞穴天坑之窗,地下河天窗之王,天生桥瀑布之奇,风景河段之美,峰丛峰林之魂"。同时,自晚三叠世以来,广西各区域(即各岩溶孤岛)的碳酸盐岩地层相继出露地表,分别进入各自的岩溶地貌/景观形成演化时代,历经自上而下或自下而上等不同方向、不同时期、不同区域的岩溶过程,分别形成峰丛-峰林、地下河洞穴、天坑-天窗-天生桥等各类典型的岩溶景观;并按时间序列和区域分异特征,以广西各岩溶区以及它们内部各岩溶地带相互之间�The karst landscape mainly distributed in northeast,central,northwest and southwest parts of Guangxi.There is a complete range of karst landscapes in a typical shape,such as peak forests,peak clusters,isolated peaks,hills,natural bridges,stone forests,pictographic mountains,cliffs,caves and various types of cave secondary chemical deposits,underground rivers,light through caves,depressions(valley),dolines,poljes,basins,surface rivers,gorges,tiankengs,natural sylights,shafts,waterfalls,springs,lakes,and wetland,which cover all types of karst landscapes.They mainly use the carbonate rocks of the Middle and Upper Cambrian to the Middle Triassic as the material basis.Firstly the drainage basins of surface rivers(Red River,Liu River,and Li River etc)are taken as principal lines,and karst landscape regional features as standards for zoning secondly,then administrative divisions and the locations to drainage basins(upper reach,middle reach and lower reach)as subordinate line.The karst landscapes are distributed orderly and concentrated in various typical karst scenic spots/parks.All of them are characterized by different core features,like peak forest peak cluster,karst landscape river section,tiankeng group,natural sylight group of underground rivers,peak cluster plains,caves,natural bridges,cross border waterfalls and so on.It combines a variety of karst landscapes with distinctive features,rare,majestic,typical,and complete types,and forms a"island chain"karst landscape distribution pattern with unique characteristics in Guangxi.Guangxi karst landscape is the global subtropical karst landforms and typical concentrated development areas of the landscape and outstanding examples.It is the most typical representative for presenting tower like peak cluster peak forest,cone peak cluster,high peak cluster deep depression,peak forest/isolated peak plain,cave,tiankeng,natural sylight,underground river,natural bridge,karst landscape river section,waterfall,cliff wall and so on.It could be admired as window for cave and tianke

关 键 词：岩溶景观 形成演化分析 流域岩溶景观带 岛链式 广西 

分 类 号：P931.5[天文地球—自然地理学] P901