切缝药包定向控制爆破的试验研究  

An experimental study on slotted cartridge directional controlled blasting

作　　者：杨仁树[1,2] 左进京 杨国梁 YANG Renshu;ZUO Jinjing;YANG Guoliang(School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing100083,China;State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering,Beijing100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)力学与建筑工程学院,北京100083 [2]深部岩土力学与地下工程重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2018年第24期24-29,共6页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2016YFC0600903);高等学校学科创新引智计划项目(B14006)

摘　　要：采用高速纹影试验系统和岩体损伤测试技术,对切缝药包爆炸波与爆生气体的传播机制进行探讨研究,同时对不同药量下切缝药包对岩体的损伤范围进行测定。试验结果表明:对切缝药包爆炸冲击波与爆生气体进行跟踪拍摄,实现了对两者作用的分离研究,两者从扩展形态上保持着高度对称状态;爆炸冲击波优先沿切缝方向传播,形成的"导流"效应优先作用于炮孔孔壁,产生初始损伤区,其它方向的冲击波是切缝方向冲击波绕流扩展所致;爆生气体首先从切缝处扩展,并且主要沿切缝方向呈"一"字型扩展,以准静态压力作用于岩体,促进累积损伤区继续发展,形成沿切缝方向的"射流"效应,推动裂纹持续扩展;切缝方向岩体损伤值大于垂直切缝方向,增大药量对切缝方向岩体的损伤程度影响较大。The high speed schlieren experiment system and rock mass damage testing technology were used to discuss the propagation mechanism of slotted cartridge explosion wave and explosive gas,and the damage range of the rock mass was measured under doses of the slitting package.The experimental results show that the explosion shock wave and explosion gas of the slitting package are tracked and photographed.The separation study of the two effects was realized.And both maintain a high symmetrical state from the extended form.The blast wave propagates preferentially along the slit direction,and the formed"diversion"effect was preferentially applied to the blasthole wall.The generated initial damage area and the shock wave in other directions are caused by the expansion of the shock wave around the slit direction.The explosive gas first expands from the crack,and extends in a"one"shape mainly along the slit direction.The quasi-static pressure acts on the rock mass to promote the continuous development of cumulative damage zone,forms a“jet”effect along the slit direction,and promotes the continuous expansion of cracks.The increase of the dose has a great influence on the damage degree of the rock in the direction of the slit because the damage value of the rock mass in the direction of the slit is greater than in the direction of the vertical slit.

关 键 词：切缝药包 定向断裂爆破 高速纹影系统 爆破损伤 爆炸冲击波 

分 类 号：TD23[矿业工程—矿井建设]