精准扶贫目标下贫困农户增信路径探索——以保证保险贷款和联保贷款为例  

Exploration on Credit Enhancement Path of Poor Farmers under the Objectives of Targeted Poverty Alleviation: Taking Guaranteed Insurance Loan and Joint Insurance Loan as an Example

作　　者：李朝晖[1] 贺文红 LI Zhao- hui;HE Wen- hong(School of Economics, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学经济学院,长沙410128

出　　处：《西部论坛》2018年第6期42-49,共8页West Forum

基　　金：湖南省教育厅项目(16C0793);湖南省哲学社会科学成果评审委员会立项项目(XSP17YBZC090);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2018JJ3245)

摘　　要：贫困农户因缺乏可用于抵押担保的物权而难以进入金融市场,金融扶贫需要通过增信机制解决信贷配给问题。实践中的农户增信主要有两条路径:一是基于农村外部正式制度的增信,如农业保证保险贷款;二是基于农村内部非正式制度的增信,如农户联保贷款。农业保证保险贷款制度以"保险合同"为增信标识,是一种建立在法律合约基础上的经济性制度安排,其制度缺陷容易导致合作博弈低效和需求刺激不足;农户联保贷款以"共同还款责任"为担保约束,是一种以社会资本内生激励机制为核心的非经济制度安排,既有信用发现和监督惩罚的优势,又存在农户还款集体违约的风险。在精准扶贫目标下,湖南"瞄准"扶贫项目的农业保证保险贷款模式值得学习和借鉴,而农户联保贷款还需要更多的模式创新,如激励乡村精英与贫困农户组成联保小组等。The poor households are difficult to enter into financial market because of their absence of real right for mortgage credit,and financial poverty alleviation needs to solve credit allocation problem through credit enhancement mechanism.The farmers’credit enhancement in practice mainly has two paths such as the credit enhancement based on rural external formal institution such as agricultural guaranteed insurance loan,and the credit enhancement based on rural inner informal institution such as farmers’joint insurance loan.Agricultural guaranteed insurance loan system takes insurance contract as the mark of credit enhancement and is a kind of economic institutional arrangement based on legal contract,and its institutional insufficiency easily causes the low efficiency of cooperation game and inadequate incentive of demand.The farmers’joint guaranteed loans take joint-repayment liability as guarantee constraint,are a kind of non-economic institutional arrangement by taking endogenous incentive mechanism of social capital as the core,and have both the advantage of credit discovery and monitoring and punishment and the collective default risk of farmers’repayment.Under the objective of targeted poverty alleviation,Hunan’s guaranteed insurance loan model aiming at poverty alleviation projects is worth learning,however,the farmers’joint insurance loan needs more model innovations such as encouraging rural elites to organize joint insurance groups with poor households and so on.

关 键 词：增信机制 农户联保贷款 农业保证保险贷款 金融扶贫 金融排斥 信贷配给 信用发现机制 

分 类 号：F830.58[经济管理—金融学] D422.7[政治法律—政治学]