个税递延型商业养老保险的政策效应与优化策略——个人养老金计划的国际比较和上海案例的模拟测算  

Policy Comparison and Optimization of Personal Tax-deferred Pension: A Case of Shanghai's Pilot Scheme and International Comparison of Pension Plans

作　　者：袁中美 郭金龙[2] YUAN Zhong-mei;GUO Jin-long(School of Finance, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China;Institute of Finance, Chinese Academy of Social Science, Beijing 100028, China)

机构地区：[1]重庆工商大学财政金融学院,重庆400067 [2]中国社会科学院金融研究所,北京100028

出　　处：《西部论坛》2018年第6期100-110,共11页West Forum

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(71373211);中国社会科学院创新工程项目"金融视角的保险理论与政策研究"

摘　　要：个人税收递延型商业养老保险是完善我国多层次养老保障体系的重要举措,设计合理高效的税收优惠制度是促进其市场覆盖和发育的关键。典型国家的个人养老金计划实践经验表明,采用最为广泛的模式是EET和EEpT,缴费阶段"比例限额+相对定额限额"、领取阶段部分免税的税收优惠制度设计更为合理。对上海市的模拟测算结果显示,现行政策对同时缴纳三险二金的中等收入群体的税收激励效应最大,参保人的福利水平因收入、年龄、性别和投资收益率不同而有较大差异,缴费限额在1 000～1 200元时政策实施的税收成本在政府财政可承受范围内。因此,应采取EET与TEE相结合的税收递延模式,对不同群体制定不同的税收递延限额,对弱势群体给予缴费补贴,并扩大个人养老储蓄账户的功能。Personal tax-deferred commercial pension is the important measure to improve Chinese multi-level pension system while the tax-favored design is the key to promote coverage rate and market development.The practical experience of personal pension plan of typical countries shows that the most applicable models are EET and EEpT,that the most rational favorable tax system design is“proportional quota+relative fixed amount quota”in tax payment period and partial tax-free in pension drawing period.The simulated calculation results on Shanghai indicate that the policy provides more tax incentives for middle-income earners with social insurance,enterprise annuity or occupational annuity,and housing provident fund.Because of different income,age,gender,and investment yields,there is a big difference in the insured’s premium cumulative value,total tax utility,and first year replacement rate of commercial pension.The affordable scope of government finance can keep tax cost of policy implementation when payment quota ranges from1000yuan to1200yuan.Thus,we should use tax-deferred pension model by combining EET with TEE,make different tax-deferred pension quotas for different people,give tax subsidy for weak group of people,and expand the function of individual pension savings accounts.

关 键 词：个人税收递延型商业养老保险 缴费限额 税收激励效应 税收成本 税收优惠政策 个人养老金计划 税收递延模式 

分 类 号：F842[经济管理—保险]