2017年平顶山市9981例狂犬病暴露人群流行病学特征  

Epidemiological Characteristics of 9 981 Cases of Rabies Exposed Population in Pingdingshan City in 2017

作　　者：岳伟玲[1] 岳慧芳 赵华彬[1] YUE Wei-ling;YUE Hui-fang;ZHAO Hua-bin(Center for Diseases Prevention and Control of Pingdingshan,Pingdingshan 467000,China)

机构地区：[1]平顶山市疾病预防控制中心,河南平顶山467000

出　　处：《河南科技大学学报（医学版）》2018年第4期304-306,共3页Journal of Henan University of Science & Technology:Medical Science

摘　　要：目的分析平顶山市2017年狂犬病暴露人群特征,为狂犬病防控提供科学依据。方法收集平顶山市疾病预防控制中心2017年狂犬病暴露人群登记资料,用描述流行病学方法对暴露人群特征进行分析。结果2017年平顶山市狂犬病暴露者共计9 981例,男性明显多于女性,男女构成比为1.32∶1;暴露人群以Ⅲ级暴露最多(67.72%,6 759/9 981);暴露部位主要以手部最常见(36. 94%,3 687/9 981);15岁以下人群暴露率最高(45.42%,4 533/9 981);7～8月份为暴露人群高发季节(22.79%,2 275/9 981);致伤动物以犬类最多(64.53%,6 441/9 981);暴露后24 h内及时就诊者(93.94%,9 376/9 981);狂犬病疫苗接种率达到100%,但Ⅲ级暴露者狂犬病免疫球蛋白的接种率较低(19.36%,1 932/9 981);大部分病例暴露后在接种门诊处置外伤(83.27%,8 311/9 981)。结论男性、15岁以下年龄段为高危人群,应引起家长及相关部门的重视。各级预防部门应加大狂犬病防治知识的宣传力度,提高群众防疫意识,狂犬病暴露后及时到正规门诊进行预防处置,有效预防狂犬病的发生。Objective To analyze the population characteristics of rabies exposure in Pingdingshan city in 2017 and provide scientific basis for prevention and control of rabies.Methods The data of 2017 rabies exposure population was from the Center for Diseases Prevention and Control of Pingdingshan,and the exposed population characteristics were analyzed by using descriptive epidemiology.Results A total of 9 981 cases of rabies exposure were collected in Pingdingshan city in 2017.Number of males were significantly more than females,and the composition ratio for men and women was 1.32∶1.The people exposed with gradeⅢwas the most types(67.72%,6 759/9 981)which accounted for 67.72%.Exposed sites were mainly in the hands(36.94%,3 687/9 981).The highest exposure rate was for people under 15 years of age(45.42%,4 533/9 981).From July to August was the highest incidence season for exposed people(22.79%,2 275/9 981).The injurious animals were most likely to be dogs(64.53%,6 441/9 981).93.94%of patients attended the clinic within 24 hours after exposure,and rabies vaccination rate reached 100%.However,the immunoglobulin in ClassⅢexposed persons was low(19.36%,1 932/9 981).Most of the cases were handled the trauma in the vaccination clinic after exposure(83.27%,8 311/9 981).Conclusion Male and the people under 15 years old were high risk groups for rabies exposed population,which should draw the attention of parents and related departments.Prevention departments at all levels should increase the propaganda of rabies prevention knowledge and raise people’s awareness of prophylaxis after rabies exposure.It is timely to go to the vaccination outpatient service to prevent effectively the occurrence of rabies.

关 键 词：狂犬病 暴露人群 免疫接种 预防医学 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]