基于新旧石器划分依据的断代及纺器的作用  

Study on Division of History into Period and the Function of the Twisting Formed Tool based on the Division of the Paleolithic and Neolithic

作　　者：武琼琳 于伟东[1,2] 周胜[1,2] WU Qiong-lin;YU Wei-dong;ZHOU Sheng(College of Textiles;Ministry of Education,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China;Key Laboratory of Textile Science&Technology,Ministry of Education,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]东华大学纺织学院,上海201620 [2]东华大学纺织面料技术教育部重点实验室,上海201620

出　　处：《服饰导刊》2018年第6期4-9,共6页Fashion Guide

摘　　要：新、旧石器时代的传统划分依据是"磨制"这一加工方式的出现时间,但通过现有遗址中骨针的发现,可以证明在4～2万年前人类已经掌握了"磨制"的技术。所以,即便以磨制的加工方式作为新、旧石器的划分依据,新石器的历史依然可前推至4～3万年前。况且,磨制仅仅是实现硬工具或手执石器某一精细形态的方法之一,因此并不能作为新旧的划分依据。复合工具的使用,尤其是绳(新纺器)作为其中的重要组件,已经实现了工具新、旧的转变,可追溯到距今近30万年前,而复合工具的使用远比磨制的加工方式复杂的多。因此,石器的新旧转变应是单一石器向组复合石器的转变,即非手执工具的使用,也就是说新旧工具的转变,应该发生在距今40～30万年前。According to fight and mill processing methods,Stone Age was divided into two periods of old and new.Through the discovery of bone needles in the site,it can be proved that humans had mastered the technology of'grinding'between 40,000 and 20,000 years ago.So the Neolithic age could still be pushed to 30,000 to 40,000 years ago,even though it was used as a basis for the division of Neolithic and Paleolithic.Moreover,the grinding system was only one of the methods to implement a fine form of a hard tool or hand,so it could be used as a basis for the division of new paleolithic.Composite tools,especially the rope(new twisting tool)as one of the important components,had achieved the transition of the new and old tools,dating back nearly 300,000 years ago,and composite tool use was far more complex than grinding.Therefore,the changes of stone tools should be the transformation of a single stone tool into a composite stone tool and the use of non-hand tools.So,the transformation of old and new tools should occur between 300,000 and 400,000 years ago.

关 键 词：新石器 旧石器 新纺器 复合工具 

分 类 号：TS108.8[轻工技术与工程—纺织工程]