3岁以下儿童早期发展与保护的调查分析  

On the Early Development and Protection of the Children under 3 Years Old

作　　者：周志平 伍琼琳 雷鲜[1] ZHOU Zhi-ping;WU Qiong-lin;LEI Xian

机构地区：[1]湖南广播电视大学,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《湖南广播电视大学学报》2018年第4期77-90,共14页Journal of Hunan Radio and Television University

基　　金：湖南省政府妇儿工委办公室委托资助课题"‘儿童之家’视角下3岁以下困境家庭儿童早期发展与保护公共服务政策研究"

摘　　要：当前,3岁以下儿童的日常照料、早期教育等主要依靠家庭内部支持来实现,市场早教机构及其他较少的社会服务提供补充,政府对3岁以下儿童的早期发展与托育公共服务滞后于现代社会结构与生活方式的转变,3岁以下困境家庭儿童的早期发展与托育公共服务更是一大难题。本研究结合相关统计学分析方法,以"儿童之家"机构为中心,对当前我国儿童尤其是3岁以下困境家庭儿童的早期发展与托育公共服务的现状和需求进行分析。调查发现:在家庭基本现状方面,当前社会家庭形态以核心家庭和主干家庭为主,人们对当前生活状态的态度整体较为积极,重视孩子的健康和教育;在早期托育公共服务需求方面,家庭最需要的是教育援助,对儿童的早期发展教育认可度较高,对身边公共托育机构等教育项目的参与度较高,而经济因素是家庭不愿生育二孩的主要因素,需要加强财政及法律法规支持力度;在困境家庭现状及存在问题方面,困境家庭对儿童早期发展教育的意识较高,但参与度较低,对困境家庭的救助和帮扶有待加强。从而得出结论:安全、放心的儿童成长环境是家长选择儿童发展与保护机构的首要考虑因素,政府和单位主办的儿童发展与保护机构是多数家庭认可的公共服务主体。建议明确3岁以下儿童发展与保护的公益性和普惠性,强化政府主体责任,加大财政投入,构建以社区"儿童之家"平台为中心的儿童早期发展与保护公共服务体系,加强对各类儿童早教机构的监督管理,探索创新互联网时代儿童保护与发展的新模式。At present,daily care and early education for children under 3 years old mainly rely on family support,assisted with preparatory schools in market and other social services,the government’s early development and public services for children under 3 years old is lag behind the transformation of modern social structure and lifestyle,in particular,it becomes a big problem for children in difficult families.This research combined with statistical analysis methods,centers on the organization of“children’s home”,analysis the current situation and needs of early development and public services for children under 3 years old in our country.The survey discovers that in basic family status,most family form is nuclear family,people have a positive attitude towards the current life and attach importance to the health and education of children.In needs of early development and public services for children,most family needs educate assistance,they have high recognition in early development and public services for children,they also have a high participation in educate projects such as nearby public nursing and education institutions,the economic factors are the main reasons why families do not want to have a second child,financial and legal support should be strengthened.In the current situation and problems in difficult families,these families have a high awareness in children’s early development,but their participation is low,so the assistance to difficult families need to be strengthened.There is the conclusion:a safe and secure environment for the growth of children is the primary consideration for parents to choose institutions for the development and protection of children,most parents have high recognition in institutions of development and protection for children sponsored by the government and other units.There is the advices:clear the commonweal and general benefit of the development and protection for children under 3 years old,increasing financial investment of the government,construct a community platfor

关 键 词：儿童 早期发展与保护 对策 

分 类 号：D669.5[政治法律—政治学]