毛乌素沙漠南缘煤矿开采涌水及其对浅层地下水影响的预测分析  

Prediction of water yield from coal mining and its influence on shallow groundwater on the southern edge of Mu Us Desert

作　　者：康宁 武强[1,2] 曾一凡 宋寿鹏[3] KANG Ning;WU Qiang;ZENG Yifan;SONG Shoupeng(College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China;National Engineering Research Center of Coal Mine Water Hazard Control, Beijing 100083, China;Geographical Sciences College, Nantong University, Nantong 226300, China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)地球科学与测绘工程学院,北京100083 [2]国家煤矿水害防治工程技术研究中心,北京100083 [3]南通大学地理科学学院,江苏南通226300

出　　处：《西北大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第6期867-874,共8页Journal of Northwest University（Natural Science Edition）

基　　金：中国地质调查局基金资助项目(DD20160308);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41430318;41572222;41877186;41602262;41702261);北京市自然科学基金资助项目(8162036);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFC0801800);教育部创新团队基金资助项目(IRT1085)

摘　　要：在毛乌素沙漠南缘煤矿区水文地质特征分析的基础上,构建矿井涌突水预测的地下水三维流数值模拟模型。研究结果表明,矿井涌水量主要来自浅层地下水蒸发量和溢出量的减少,以及地下水储存量的释放;矿井涌水形成了与采空区形态基本一致的浅层地下水位降深场。研究后认为,矿井涌突水量的大小,主要受覆岩垂向渗透性能强弱以及覆岩之上含水层富水程度的影响;矿井涌突水量的极值差与极值比,基本能够反映覆岩之上含水层地下水对矿井涌突水量的贡献与影响。煤矿采空区之上覆岩垂向渗透系数(0. 01～1. 0) m/d,对应的矿井涌突水量变幅最大,增速最快;采空区导水裂隙带一旦导通上覆第四系或白垩系含水层(即覆岩垂向渗透性能的大幅增强),覆岩之上含水层的地下水就会大量漏失,甚至出现疏干含水层的现象,这对浅层地下水流场和溢出量都会造成巨大的影响。In this article,a three-dimension numerical simulation model of groundwater flow is established,based on the analysis of the hydrogeological characteristics at the coal mining area on the southern edge of Mu Us Desert.The prediction results demonstrate that the water yield of mine mainly come from the reduction of evaporation and discharge of shallow groundwater and the release of groundwater storage.The mine water discharge causes a cone of shallow groundwater level lowering with shape consistent with the goaf area.The water yield of mine is mainly affected by the vertical permeability of the caving zone on top of the goaf area and the water yield property of the aquifer above the caving zone.The extremum difference and extremum ratio of the water yield can reflect the contribution and influence of aquifer groundwater to the mine water yield.When the vertical permeability coefficient of the caving zone is between0.01m/d and1.0m/d,the increase of the water yield is the largest and the fastest.Once the fracture of the caving zone over the goaf leads to the overlying Quaternary or Cretaceous aquifer(that is,the vertical permeability of caving zone is greatly enhanced),the groundwater in the aquifer above the caving zone will leak out or even be drained,greatly impacting the flow field and discharge of shallow groundwater.

关 键 词：毛乌素沙漠 数值模拟 煤矿 矿井涌水 浅层地下水 

分 类 号：P641.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]