保水剂与氮磷肥配施对玉米生长及养分吸收的影响  

Effects of SAP Combined Application of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizers on Maize Growth and the Nutrient Uptake

作　　者：魏琛琛 廖人宽[2] 王瑜 魏榕 杨凤茹 杨培岭[1] WEI Chenchen;LIAO Renkuan;WANG Yu;WEI Rong;YANG Fengru;YANG Peiling(College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100044)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院,北京100083 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100044

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2018年第6期236-242,共7页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51379210)

摘　　要：以夏玉米为研究对象,采用避雨桶栽试验方法精确控制水肥条件,研究保水剂(SAP)与5种氮磷肥配比(N∶P分别为1∶4,2∶3,1∶1,3∶2,4∶1)模式对土壤肥力水平、玉米植株生长及其养分吸收利用的效应。结果表明,保水剂与氮磷肥均衡施用(N∶P为1∶1)能够促进玉米植株的生长及对养分的吸收利用,生育期内平均株高、叶面积较其他处理分别提高了3.36%～7.19%,5.36%～29.26%;干物质积累与植株氮、磷累积量较其他处理分别提高了13.79%～27.61%,15.91%～32.47%,18.66%～33.75%;同时与未施保水剂处理相比,生育期内土壤平均无机氮含量减少5.42%,有效磷含量提高3.55%;在本试验条件下,施用SAP 1.68g/pot、N 2.89g/pot、P 2.89g/pot可得到最大玉米产量113.93g/pot,收获时产量较其他处理提高了18.69%～30.94%。试验结果为华北地区应用保水剂条件下的夏玉米氮磷肥施用配比提供了参考。Excessive application of fertilizers is one of the major problems that hinder the sustainable development of dryland agriculture.Summer maize was taken as the object in the paper,and the rain-proof barrel experiment was conducted to accurately control the water and fertilizer supply,then the effects of super aborbent polymer(SAP)and five kinds ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers(1∶4,2∶3,1∶1,3∶2,4∶1)on soil fertility,plant growth,nutrient uptake and utilization of maize were studied.The results showed that the balanced application of SAP with N and P could promote plant growth and the absorption and utilization of nutrients.The average plant height and the leaf area increased by3.36%~7.19%and5.36%~29.26%,respectively.Compared with other treatments,the dry matter accumulation and nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation increased by13.79%~27.61%,15.91%~32.47%,18.66%~33.75%,respectively.Compared with no SAP treatment,the soil inorganic nitrogen content decreased by5.42%,and the available phosphorus content increased by3.55%.Under the conditions of this experiment,the maximum yield of113.93g/pot was obtained by applying SAP1.68g/pot,N2.89g/pot,P2.89g/pot,and the yield at harvest increased by18.69%~30.94%.The results provide a reference for the application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers for summer maize under the condition of applying SAP in North China.

关 键 词：保水剂 氮磷肥配施 玉米生长 养分吸收 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学] S513[农业科学—农业基础科学]