合理氮肥运筹提高双季机插稻产量及氮肥利用率  

Proper Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Improving Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Machine-transplanted Double Rice

作　　者：吕伟生 曾勇军 石庆华 潘晓华 黄山 商庆银 谭雪明 LU Weisheng;ZENG Yongjun;SHI Qinghua;PAN Xiaohua;HUANG Shan;SHANG Qingyin;TAN Xueming(Collaborative Innovation Center for the Modernization Production of Double Cropping Rice, Jiangxi AgriculturalUniversity, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, JiangxiKey Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Nanchang 330045;Jiangxi Institute of RedSoil, National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement, Scientific Observationaland Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation in Jiangxi, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanchang 331717)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学农学院,双季稻现代化生产协同创新中心,作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室,江西省作物生理生态与遗传育种重点实验室,南昌330045 [2]江西省红壤研究所/国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心,农业部江西耕地保育科学观测实验站,南昌331717

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2018年第6期259-268,共10页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD04B11,2013BAD07B1202);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300501,2017YFD0301605);公益性行业科研专项(201303102);国家自然科学基金项目(31360310);江西省水稻产业体系专项(JXARS-02-03);江西省重点研发专项(20161ACF60013,20171BBF60030);江西省青年科学家培养计划项目(20153BCB23015).

摘　　要：为明确双季机插稻合理氮肥运筹,2013—2014年在长江中游双季稻地区(江西上高)研究了氮肥施用量、施用比例及施用时期对双季机插稻产量与氮素吸收利用效率的影响。结果表明,适量施氮可同步增加有效穗数和每穗粒数,从而扩大群体库容量,机插早、晚稻分别在施氮量为180,195kg/hm2时即可达到较高产量,同时保持较高的氮素吸收利用率。在适宜施氮量下,施氮比例及追氮时期对双季机插稻产量及氮素吸收利用具有显著影响,基蘖肥与穗肥比例早稻8∶2至7∶3、晚稻7∶3,移栽后7天+倒2叶抽出期追施氮肥有利于分蘖成穗,中后期维持较高的叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质积累量,粒叶比协调,穗数充足,穗型较大,总颖花量高,并同步提高产量及氮素吸收利用率。To explicit proper nitrogen fertilizer application of machine-transplanted double rice,a two-year(2013-2014)field experiment was conducted to study the effects of amount,ratio and period of nitrogen fertilizer application on the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of machine-transplanted double rice in double-cropping rice areas of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River(Shanggao of Jiangxi).The main results were as follows.Moderate amount of nitrogen fertilizer could increase effective panicle number and grain number per panicle,thereby increased spikelet number.For machine-transplanted double rice,the optimal nitrogen fertilizer application amount was180kg/hm2for the early rice and195kg/hm2for the late rice,which could maintain higher yield and utilization and absorption rate of nitrogen.Under the proper nitrogen application rate,ratio and period of nitrogen application had significant influences on yield and nitrogen utilization and absorption.The optimal ratio of basal tiller fertilizer and panicle fertilizer was8∶2to7∶3for the early rice,and7∶3for the late rice.Appropriate time for top nitrogen application was7days after transplanting and the stage of the second leaf to top shooting out.The optimal ratio and time of nitrogen application was beneficial to maintain higher leaf area index(LAI)and dry matter accumulation,coordinated ratio of grain and leaf,sufficient panicle number,larger panicle type and high total spikelet quantity,while maintain high utilization and absorption rate of nitrogen.

关 键 词：氮肥运筹 双季机插稻 产量 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]