铜基营养叶面肥对辣椒光合特性、产量、品质及防病效果的影响  

Effects of Copper-Based Nutritional Foliar Fertilizers on Photosynthetic Characteristics,Yield,Quality and Disease Control Efficiency of Pepper

作　　者：马强 李洪杰 张民[2] 王薇 赵同凯 李子双 周晓琳 路艳艳[2] MA Qiang;LI Hongjie;ZHANG Min;WANG Wei;ZHAO Tongkai;LI Zishuang;ZHOU Xiaolin;LU Yanyan(Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Dezhou ,Shandong 253015;National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources,College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018)

机构地区：[1]德州市农业科学研究院,山东德州253015 [2]土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室,山东农业大学资源与环境学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2018年第6期384-392,共9页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200706);国家“948”重点项目(2016-X46);山东省农业科技成果转化资金项目(鲁科农字[2010]79号)。

摘　　要：通过连续2年的田间试验,采用随机区组设计,设置6个处理,以喷清水为对照,研究了3种铜基营养叶面肥及传统波尔多液和美国商品铜制剂Kocide 2000对辣椒产量、品质、叶片叶绿素含量及光合特性、微量元素的含量及积累量、防病效果以及对土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,喷施CFFe、CFZnB、CF、KCD可以显著增加辣椒叶片叶绿素含量,以CFFe处理增加最多,最高增幅为20.13%,其次为CFZnB处理,增幅为16.19%～18.13%;还可显著增加辣椒叶片的光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率,显著降低胞间CO2浓度。喷施BDM、KCD、CF、CFFe、CFZnB可以显著增加辣椒各器官全铜含量及积累量;喷施CFZnB、CFFe、CF、KCD可以显著增加辣椒各器官全锌含量及积累量;喷施CFFe、CFZnB、CF、KCD可以显著增加辣椒各器官全铁含量及积累量。喷施CFFe、CFZnB、CF、KCD及BDM能显著降低辣椒初果期和盛果期的病情指数。CFFe、CFZnB处理土壤脲酶活性最高;各处理及CK土壤过氧化氢酶活性均比BDM处理增加显著;CFFe、CFZnB、CF、KCD处理土壤蔗糖酶活性均比CK增加显著。CFFe处理辣椒营养品质最好,其次为CFZnB处理。喷施CFFe、CFZnB、CF、KCD可以显著增加辣椒产量,以CFFe处理增产最多,最大增幅为13.22%;其次为CFZnB处理,增幅为11.93%～12.52%。喷施CFFe、CFZnB、CF可以显著增加辣椒产量,以CFFe处理增产最多,其次为CFZnB处理;喷施CFFe、CFZnB、CF可以显著改善辣椒的品质,CFFe处理的辣椒营养品质最好;其次为CFZnB处理;山东农业大学研制的铜基营养叶面肥作为一种杀菌防病和植物营养保健双重功能的叶面肥,既能显著增加辣椒产量、改善辣椒品质,又具有一定的杀菌防病效果,推荐使用加铁铜基营养叶面肥和加锌硼铜基营养叶面肥。The field experiments of two consecutive years were conducted with randomized block design with six treatments:spraying water(CK),spraying Bordeaux Mixture(BDM),spraying Kocide2000(KCD),spraying copper-based nutritional foliar fertilizer(CF),spraying iron-copper-based nutritional foliar fertilizer(CFFe)and spraying zinc-boron-copper-based nutritional foliar fertilizer(CFZnB),respectively.The effects on yield and quality,chlorophyll content and various indicators of photosynthetic characteristics of leaves,the plant and fruit total contents and accumulations of Cu,Zn and Fe,disease index of pepper and enzyme activities of soil were determined.The results showed that the CFFe,CFZnB,CF,and KCD significantly increased the photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate,and the chlorophyll content,in which the maximum increment was20.13%by CFFe and followed by CFZnB that increased by16.19%~18.13%as compared to the CK and significantly decreased intercellular CO2concentration in pepper leaves.The BDM,KCD,CF,CFFe and CFZnB significantly increased the plant and fruit total contents and accumulations of Cu.The CFZnB,CFFe,CF,and KCD significantly increased the plant and fruit total contents and accumulations of Zn.The CFFe,CFZnB,CF and KCD significantly increased the plant and fruit total contents and accumulations of Fe.The CFFe,CFZnB,CF,KCD and BDM greatly reduced the disease index at the early fruiting and full fruiting periods of pepper.Soil urease activities of the CFFe and CFZnB were the highest.All treatments and CK significantly increased the soil catalase activities as compared to the BDM.The CFFe,CFZnB,CF,and KCD significantly increased the soil sucrase activities as compared to the CK.Pepper nutritional quality of CFFe was the best and followed by the CFZnB.The CFFe,CFZnB,CF,and KCD significantly increased the yield of pepper,with the CFFe maximally increased by13.22%and followed by the CFZnB that increased by11.93%~12.52%as compared to CK.The CFFe,CFZnB,and CF significantly increased the yield of pe

关 键 词：铜基营养叶面肥 辣椒 光合特性 产量 品质 病情指数 微量元素 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]