冬闲期耕作方式对连作花生叶片衰老和产量的影响  

Effects of tillage modes in winter fallow period on leaf senescence and pod yield in continuous cropping peanut

作　　者：刘妍[1] 刘兆新[1] 何美娟[1] 刘婷如 杨坚群 甄晓宇 栗鑫鑫 李向东[1] 杨东清[1] LIU Yan;LIU Zhao-Xin;HE Mei-Juan;LIU Ting-Ru;YANG Jian-Qun;ZHEN Xiao-Yu;LI Xin-Xin;LI Xiang-Dong;YANG Dong-Qing(Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University / State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《作物学报》2019年第1期131-143,共13页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD11B04-2);国家自然科学基金项目(30840056;31171496);山东省现代农业产业技术体系花生创新团队首席专家专项(SDAIT-04-01)资助~~

摘　　要：大田连作条件下种植大花生品种"山花108",以冬闲期免耕晾晒土地后整地种植(冬闲免耕露地,MGLD)为对照,设置冬闲免耕覆膜(冬闲期免耕晾晒土地后整地覆膜种植, MGFM)、冬闲翻耕露地(冬闲期翻耕晾晒土地后整地种植,FGLD)、冬闲翻耕覆膜(冬闲期翻耕晾晒土地后整地覆膜种植,FGFM)、冬闲压青露地(前茬花生收获后常规种植冬小麦,于花生种植前粉碎还田后整地种植, YQLD)、冬闲压青覆膜(前茬花生收获后常规种植冬小麦,于花生种植前粉碎还田后整地覆膜种植, YQFM)5种处理,探究对连作花生叶片衰老、光合特性和产量的影响。结果表明,覆膜、冬闲翻耕与压青处理均可提高植株功能叶片光合色素含量、净光合速率、气孔导度及蒸腾速率,降低胞间CO2浓度;同时提高叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及过氧化物酶(POD)活性,降低丙二醛(MDA)含量,延缓叶片衰老,进而增加荚果产量。YQFM、FGFM、MGFM处理的荚果产量较YQLD、FGLD、MGLD处理分别增加5.11%、6.77%、3.70%;与MGFM处理相比, YQFM、FGFM处理分别增产14.83%、8.30%;与MGLD处理相比, YQLD、FGLD处理分别增产13.30%、5.18%,并且增产幅度由高到低依次是YQFM、YQLD、FGFM、FGLD、MGFM处理。冬闲压青覆膜处理的产量和经济效益最佳。A field experiment was conducted using large peanut variety Shanhua108with five treatments,including mulching after no tillage in winter fallow period(MGFM),planting peanut after plowing tillage in winter fallow period(FGLD),mulching after plowing tillage in winter fallow period(FGFM),planting peanut after previous crop wheat as green manure straw returned to the field(YQLD),mulching after previous crop wheat as green manure straw returned to the field(YQFM),and the conventional planting method,planting peanut after non tillage in winter fallow period(MGLD)as the control.The treatments of mulching,green manure and plowing tillage significantly improved photosynthetic pigment content,net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate,and decreased intercellular CO2concentration in functional leaves.Meanwhile,the above three treatments also significantly increased leaf superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD)activities,decreased malondialdehyde(MDA)content,thereby delaying leaf senescence and increasing pod yield.The pod yield of YQFM,FGFM and MGFM treatments increased by5.11%,6.77%,3.70%compared with YQLD,FGLD,and MGLD treatments.Compared with MGFM treatment,YQFM and FGFM treatments significantly increased pod yield by14.83%,8.30%,respectively.Compared with MGLD treatment,the pod yield under YQLD and FGLD treatments significantly increased by13.30%,5.18%,respectively,and YQFM,YQLD,FGFM,FGLD,and MGFM treatments had the increase of pod yield from high to low in order.From the perspective of pod yield and economic benefit,YQFM is the optimum treatment.

关 键 词：连作花生 冬闲期耕作方式 衰老特性 产量 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]