农业综合开发项目面源污染影响分析  

Analysis of Non-point Source Pollution Impacts of Agricultural Comprehensive Development Projects

作　　者：门云云[1] 田雪峰[1] 夏立江[1] MEN Yun-yun;TIAN Xue-feng;XIA Li-jiang(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2018年第35期72-74,164,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：[目的]分析农业综合开发项目面源污染的影响。[方法]通过调研与资料收集,并基于文献综述获取相应参数,核算了现状化肥农药施用量、流失量以及项目实施后的氮、磷流失量等。[结果]测土配方施肥可减少23.2%的总氮和18.8%的总磷流失量;病虫害综合防治可减少30%的农药施用量;秸秆还田可减少27.4%的总氮与32.3%的总磷流失量;节水灌溉可减少9.3%和6.2%的总氮与总磷流失量;生态沟渠可减少径流中74.1%与68.6%的总氮与总磷;人工湿地可减少径流中60.0%与50.0%的总氮与总磷。[结论]农业综合开发项目可有效控制项目区面源污染。[Objective]The research aimed to analyze the influence of non-point source pollution in agricultural comprehensive development projects.[Method]Through the investigation and data collection,and based on the literature review to obtain the corresponding parameters,the current fertilizer pesticide application,loss and nitrogen and phosphorus loss after project implementation were calculated.[Result]Soil formula fertilization could reduce 23.2% of the total nitrogen and 18.8%of total phosphorus loss;comprehensive prevention and control of diseases and insect pests control could reduce pesticide application by 30%;straw return could reduce total nitrogen loss by 27.4%and total phosphorus loss by 32.3%;water saving irrigation could reduce total nitrogen and phosphorus loss by 9.3% and 6.2%;ecological ditch could reduce the total nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff by 74.1% and 68.6%;artificial wetlands could reduce the total nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff by 60.0% and 50.0%.[Conclusion]The comprehensive agricultural development projects can effectively control non-point pollution in the project area.

关 键 词：农业面源污染 测土配方施肥 节水灌溉 秸秆还田 生态沟渠 

分 类 号：S181.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]