有机无机肥配施对通南地区水稻产量及氮素利用率的影响  

The Effects of Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency in the Tongnan District

作　　者：于倩倩[1] 王会方[2] 赵信林 朱德进[1] 张辉[2] YU Qian-qian;WANG Hui-fang;ZHAO Xin-lin(Taizhou Jiangyan District Agricultural Committee,Taizhou,Jiangsu 225500;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jiangsu Farmland Conservation Science Observation and Experimental Station, Ministry of Agriculture,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210014;Key Laboratory of Soil and Agricultural Sustainable Development, Nanjing Institute of Soil Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing,Jiangsu 210008;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]泰州市姜堰区农业委员会,江苏泰州225500 [2]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,农业部江苏耕地保育科学观测实验站,江苏南京210014 [3]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,江苏南京210008 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2018年第35期137-139,194,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江苏省自主创新资金项目(CX(16)1001);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200805)

摘　　要：[目的]研究有机无机肥配施对水稻产量和氮素利用的影响。[方法]在江苏省泰州市姜堰地区进行田间试验,研究有机无机肥配施对通南地区水稻产量及氮素利用率的影响。[结果]不施氮肥会使水稻有效穗数、穗粒数显著减少,最终导致水稻严重减产;有机无机肥配施与常规施氮相比水稻有效穗数显著增加,但对穗粒数和千粒重影响不大,2种处理水稻产量无显著差异。不施氮肥或有机无机肥配施均会导致水稻籽粒和秸秆含氮量显著降低,进而降低植株吸氮量。有机无机肥配施与单纯施用化学氮肥相比氮肥吸收利用率平均显著降低了约15%,但氮肥生理利用率显著提高约18%,2种施肥方式对氮肥农学利用率和偏生产力影响不大。[结论]有机无机肥配施可以维持水稻高产稳产,且可以提高氮肥生理利用率,在通南地区具有很好的推广前景。[Objective]To investigate the effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on rice yield and nitrogen(N)utilization efficiency.[Method]A field experiment was conducted at Jiangyan District,Taizhou City,Jiangsu Province,and the effects of comlined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on rice yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency were studied.[Result]Without N fertilizer input,the effective spike number per hectare and grain number per spike of rice were significantly decreased,resulting in serious yield reduction.The combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers could increase the effective spike number per hectare when compared with the application of inorganic fertilizer alone,but the grain number per spike and1000-grain weight showed no marked difference among all the treatments.The yields showed no significant difference were found among the treatments which were supplied with N fertilizer,regardless of the proportion of organic fertilizer account for in the total nitrogen input.No N fertilizer input or the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers would reduce the N concentration of both rice straw and grain and thus the plant N uptake was reduced.The combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers significantly reduced the N uptake and utilization efficiency of rice averaged by15%,but notably increased the N physiological efficiency of rice averaged by18%compared with the application of inorganic fertilizer alone.But the two fertilization patterns showed no effects on N agronomic use efficiency and N partial factor productivity.[Conclusion]The combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers could maintain rice yield just as inorganic fertilizer and it can significantly increase the N physiological efficiency,thus this fertilization pattern could be promoted in this area.

关 键 词：水稻 有机肥 氮肥利用率 产量构成 有机无机肥配施 

分 类 号：S144[农业科学—肥料学]