温185和新新2核桃枝条与混合芽的生长动态分析  

Growth dynamic analysis of shoots and mixed buds in Wen 185 and Xinxin 2 walnut

作　　者：刘立强[1] LIU Liqiang(College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《经济林研究》2018年第4期150-154,共5页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：新疆科技兴新项目(2012059A31);新疆农业大学2612创新团队项目;新疆维吾尔自治区园艺学重点学科资助项目

摘　　要：为了探明核桃二次枝及其混合芽能否正常生长发育并成花,以温185和新新2两个品种核桃树为研究对象,对其一次枝、二次枝及其混合芽的生长发育动态进行了观测和比较分析。结果表明:温185和新新2核桃一次枝的生长物候期、二次枝的生长物候期均无显著差异,其一次枝至5月下旬停止伸长生长,二次枝开始萌发生长,多数二次枝生长发育期在5月下旬至6月底,其在研究地的生长期的长短及气候条件完全能够满足核桃二次枝生长发育的需求;在一次枝和二次枝基本停止生长时,其混合芽的体积已经占到休眠期混合芽体积的70%～80%,至休眠期,其一次枝的混合芽的芽型指数(纵径/橫径)均为(1.16±0.05),而其二次枝混合芽的芽型指数分别为(1.18±0.01)和(1.18±0.06),二次枝上的混合芽与一次枝上的混合芽的大小无显著差异。生产中可以合理选用二次枝培养树形,采取整形修剪和水肥的合理供应等措施,以控制其生长,提高枝条和混合芽的质量和核桃产量。In order to study whether secondary shoot and its mixed bud of walnut can normally grow and blossom,two walnut cultivars of Wen185and Xinxin2were taken as experiment materials,growth and development dynamic of primary shoots,secondary shoots and mixed buds of walnut were observed and comparied.The results showed that growth phenology of primary shoot and growth phenology of secondary shoot had no significant differences between Wen185and Xinxin2walnut.Their primary shoots stopped growing in late May,secondary shoots started to germinate and grow,and most secondary shoots grew and developed from late May to end of June.Growth period and climatic conditions in local area could meet demand of growth and development of secondary shoots.Mixed bud volume accounted for70%-80%of total volume at dormant period when primary shoot and secondary shoot stopped growing.At dormant period,bud shape indexes(longitudinal diameter/transverse diameter)of mixed buds in primary shoots were(1.16±0.05),those in secondary shoots were(1.18±0.01)and(1.18±0.06)respectively.Mixed bud volumes had no significant differences between secondary shoots and primary shoots.Secondary shoot was preserved to train tree form structure in production.Growth of secondare shoots was controlled through training,pruning and reasonable irrigation and fertilization,to increase quality of branches and mixed bud and walnut yield.

关 键 词：核桃 二次枝 混合芽 一次枝 生长发育 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]