美国学校体育的历史演变  

Historical Evolution of American School Physical Education

作　　者：李卫东[1,2] 侍崇艳[3] 殷鼎 LI Wei-dong;SHI Cong-yan;YIN Ding(School of Physical Education,Yangtze University, Jing zhou 434023;Department of Human Sciences, College ofEducation and Human Ecology, the Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA;Department of Physical Education,Nanjing Sport Institute,Nanjing 210014,China;Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119,China;NingxiaMedical University,Yinchuan 750004, China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学体育学院,湖北荆州434023 [2]俄亥俄州立大学,俄亥俄哥伦布43210 [3]南京体育学院体育系,江苏南京210014 [4]陕西师范大学,陕西西安710119 [5]宁夏医科大学,宁夏银川750004

出　　处：《体育学研究》2018年第4期16-20,共5页Journal of Sports Research

基　　金：江苏高校品牌专业建设工程资助项目(项目编号:PPZY2015A007)

摘　　要：通过对美国学校体育广受认可的三个演变阶段进行探究,阐述美国学校体育目的的历史演变,深入研究各个阶段与之相应的社会、经济、教育等因素对其影响。发现社会变革、经济发展、文化和科技进步等对学校体育给予全方位牵引。在美国社会所处的不同历史时期下,学校体育所肩负的历史使命不尽相同且富含时代的特殊性。站在社会历史的大窗口下,可以预见,当儿童、青少年和成人的超重与肥胖问题得到有效控制并解决,伴随美国于2015颁布的"Every Student Succeeds Act"(ESSA,2015)法律的实施,教育发展中整个儿童教育(educate the whole child)的回归,社会对老年化(aging)的关注,以及身体素养这一思想的流行,美国学校体育的目的必将回归到教育、健康与延年益寿的本质上。The purpose of this paper was to describe the historical evolution of the goals of American school physical education through an examination of the influence of social,economic,cultural,and educational factors during three developmental stages of American sports and physical education.The findings demonstrated that the historical evolution of the goals of school physical education in the United States have been significantly impacted by societal factors such as economy,culture,religion,technology,and education.The goals of school physical education differ under different times and reflect the societal needs during that times.Through the window of society,it is predicted that the goals of American school physical education will shift to focus on education,health,and longevity when the child obesity issue is resolved,school education focuses on the whole child under the enactment of“Every Student Succeeds Act”in2015,aging increasingly attracts attention and interest from researchers,and the concept of physical literacy becomes more popular.

关 键 词：身体教育 体育教育功能 体育课程 身体素养 

分 类 号：G801.3[文化科学—运动人体科学]