外商直接投资对大众创业的影响  

The Influence of Foreign Direct Investment on Mass Entrepreneurship

作　　者：张开迪 吴群锋[2] 高建[1] 李纪珍[1] ZHANG Kai-di;WU Qun-feng;GAO Jian;LI Ji-zhen(School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University;School of Economics, Peking University)

机构地区：[1]清华大学经济管理学院 [2]北京大学经济学院

出　　处：《中国工业经济》2018年第12期79-96,共18页China Industrial Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"创造有利于制造业发展的竞争环境研究"(批准号15ZDA027);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"全球创新体系与全球创新中心"(批准号17JJD630003)

摘　　要：中国的大众创业有利于构建经济发展的新动能。作为促进中国经济发展的重要力量,外商直接投资是否对中国大众创业有直接影响值得关注。本文基于中国家庭金融调查和中国城市统计年鉴的匹配数据,检验了外商直接投资对中国大众创业的影响效应。研究发现,外商直接投资对中国大众创业同时存在两个相反的影响效应:正向溢出效应和负向挤出效应。当外商直接投资企业有形资产比例较高时,对创业者的正向溢出效应较高。当外商直接投资企业的产品市场更集中于本地市场时,对创业者的负向挤出效应越高。就创业类型而言,外商直接投资与机会型创业市场重合度较高,抑制作用明显,而对生存型创业没有显著影响。就创业行业而言,随着创业行业溢出指数水平的提高,外商直接投资对创业的促进作用不断增强。本文发现,外商直接投资与大众创业存在的上述直接关系,对于发展外商直接投资和推动大众创业中地方政府的政策选择有启发意义。China’s mass entrepreneurship is conducive to building new momentum for economic development.Whether FDI, one of the most important forces to promote China’s economy, has a direct impact on China’s Mass entrepreneurship warrants further investigation. Based on data from the China Household Finance Survey(CHFS) and the China City Statistical Yearbook, this paper examines the impact of FDI on China’s mass entrepreneurship. FDI has two counterbalancing effects on China’s mass entrepreneurship: positive spillover effect and negative crowdingout effect. When the proportion of tangible assets of FDI enterprises is relatively high, the positive spillover is high. When the product markets of FDI enterprises are concentrated in local market, the negative crowding-out effect on local entrepreneurs is also high. As for the impact on entrepreneurial types, since the markets of FDI and transformational entrepreneurs overlap significantly, FDI has an inhibitory effect on transformational entrepreneurship,but has no significant impact on subsistence entrepreneurship. As for the impact on particular industries, as the industry spillover index level goes up, the promoting effect of FDI on entrepreneurship also increases. This paper finds that there is a direct relationship between FDI and mass entrepreneurship, which sheds light on how local governments can promote development of FDI and mass entrepreneurship with their policies.

关 键 词：外商直接投资 大众创业 溢出效应 挤出效应 

分 类 号：F420[经济管理—产业经济]