宁东煤炭基地植被生态特征及矿业开发对其的影响  

Characteristics of vegetation and ecology in Ningdong coal base and the effects of mining activities

作　　者：杜灵通[1,2] 徐友宁 宫菲[1,2] 丹杨 王乐 郑琪琪 马龙龙 DU Lingtong;XU Youning;GONG Fei;DAN Yang;WANG Le;ZHENG Qiqi;MA Longlong(Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China, Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China;Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Northwest China of Ministry of Education,Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China;Xi'an Center of Geological Survey, CGS, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学西北土地退化与生态恢复省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏大学西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室,宁夏银川750021 [3]中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《地质通报》2018年第12期2215-2223,共9页Geological Bulletin of China

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目<秦岭及宁东矿产资源集中开采区地质环境调查>(编号:DD20160336);宁夏高等学校一流学科建设(生态学)项目(编号:NXYLXK2017B06);中国科学院西部之光人才计划项目(编号:XAB2017AW01)

摘　　要：准确评估大型能源基地矿业开发活动对区域植被生态系统影响具有重要的科学意义和实践价值。利用2000—2017年中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)连续观测的生态系统参量,定量研究宁东煤炭基地开发建设以来的植被生态系统时空变化特征,分析矿业开发对植被生态系统的影响。结果表明,随着宁东煤炭基地开采活动的持续,区域植被生态系统的生产力及其与大气之间的水汽交换强度整体增强,归一化植被指数、总初级生产力、净初级净生产力和蒸散的年增长幅度分别为0.0053、5.10g·C/(m2·a-1)、4.10g·C/(m2·a-1)和6.62mm/a;这4种指标在空间像元上也以增长趋势为主,且未来多数像元有持续增强的特征,但生态系统的水分利用效率却在降低。空间分析表明,大尺度植被生态演变受矿业活动影响微弱,其主要受制于气候和区域性的生态治理工程。Accurate assessment of the impact of mining activities on large national coal and coal chemical industrial bases has important significance in theory and practice.On the basis of different ecosystem variables of the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS)in2000-2017,the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of vegetation ecosystem in Ningdong coal base were quantitatively studied.The influence of mining activities on the vegetation ecosystem was also analyzed.The results showed that the productivity of the regional ecosystem and the water vapor exchange intensity with the atmosphere were enhanced with the intensification of mining activities in Ningdong coal base.The annual growth rate of the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),gross primary production(GPP),net primary production(NPP)and evapotranspiration(ET)were0.0053,5.10g·C/(m^2·a^-1),4.10g·C/(m^2·a^-1)and6.62mm,respectively.On the spatial pixel scale,the four ecosystem variables were also mainly increased over the past decade and most of the pixels have sustained growth trend in the future.However,the water use efficiency(WUE)of the ecosystem is decreasing both in annual averages and pixels value.Spatial analysis shows that the large scale vegetation ecological evolution is less influenced by the mining activities,but are mainly affected by the climate and regional ecological restoration projects.

关 键 词：植被生态 宁东煤炭基地 净初级生产力 矿业开发 

分 类 号：P618.11[天文地球—矿床学] X141[天文地球—地质学]