全球和东亚地区CH4浓度时空分布特征分析  

The spatial-temporal distribution of CH_4 over globe and East Asia

作　　者：张绍会 谢冰[3] 张华[1,2] 周喜讯 王秋艳 杨冬冬[1] ZHANG Shao-hui;XIE Bing;ZHANG Hua;ZHOU Xi-xun;WANG Qiu-yan;YANG Dong-dong(Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather,Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Laboratory for Climate Studies of China Meteorological Administration,National Climate Center,China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,江苏南京210044 [2]中国气象科学研究院,灾害天气国家重点实验室,北京100081 [3]中国气象局气候研究开放实验室,国家气候中心,北京100081

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2018年第12期4401-4408,共8页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学(重点)基金资助项目(91644211,41575002);国家重点研发计划(2017YFA0603502).

摘　　要：利用最新的AIRS卫星观测资料分析了2002年12月～2016年11月全球和东亚地区(70°～140°E,10°～55°N)CH_4浓度的时空变化分布特征.研究发现,2003～2016年,全球CH_4年平均浓度从1774.2×10^(-9)增加到1789.1×10^(-9),年增长率约为1.1×10^(-9)/a;东亚地区CH_4年平均浓度从1811.5×10^(-9)增加到1841.0×10^(-9),年增长率约为2.0×10^(-9)/a.在美国西南部、南美洲南部、澳大利亚东南部、中国青藏高原和东北地区等地上空,CH_4浓度增幅比较明显,而在北美洲的东北部上空,CH_4浓度出现负增长.北美洲东北部和俄罗斯东部等地上空CH_4浓度的变化与温度变化呈正相关;如在冬季,该地区温度与周围地区相比更低,同时CH_4浓度更低.本文利用近10a的卫星数据获得了CH_4浓度的垂直廓线,显示不同纬度带CH_4浓度均随着高度的升高逐渐减小,且高纬度地区CH_4浓度减小的最快.近年来,在低纬度地区对流层中低层CH_4浓度变化较为明显.在对流层低层(850hPa),北半球CH_4浓度随着纬度增加逐渐变大;在南半球则随着纬度增加先减小后变大.而在平流层内,CH_4浓度在赤道处最大,且随着纬度的升高逐渐减小.此外,CH_4的浓度分布存在明显的季节变化:在北半球,大部分地区夏季CH_4浓度高于冬季(约20×10^(-9)～40×10^(-9)),但在撒哈拉沙漠和中国新疆塔里木盆地等地区上空,冬季CH_4浓度高于夏季(约40×10^(-9)～60×10^(-9)).在冬季,中国四川西部上空的CH_4浓度要比青藏高原上空高(约100×10^(-9)～120×10^(-9)).The spatial and temporal characteristics of CH4concentration over globe and East Asia(70°~140°E,10°~55°N)from December2002to November2016were analyzed based on AIRS(Atmospheric Infrared Sounder)satellite data.The results showed that the global annual mean CH4concentration increased from1774.2×10^-9in2003to1789.1×10^-9in2016,the growth rate was about1.1×10^-9/a.While it increased from1811.5×10^-9to1841.0×10^-9(the growth rate around2.0×10^-9/a)in East Asia.In middle and lower troposphere(1000~400hPa),The growth rate of CH4concentration increased obviously over the southwestern America,southeastern Australia,southern South America,and the Tibetan Plateau and the northeastern China.However,the growth rate was negative over northeastern North America.Over northeastern North America and eastern Russia,the changes of the annual mean CH4concentration and temperature had a positive correlation.For example,in winter,the temperature in these regions was lower than that of surrounding areas,and the CH4concentration was lower than that of surrounding areas,too.The vertical profile of CH4concentration was obtained by recent10-year satellite data in this paper.The results showed that at different latitudes,the CH4concentration gradually decreased with the increase of altitude,and the fastest decrease happened in the high latitudes.In the middle and lower troposphere of the low latitudes,the average CH4concentration changed obviously.In the lower troposphere(850hPa),the CH4concentration gradually increased with the increase of latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere,and decreased first and then increased in the Southern Hemisphere.In the stratosphere,the CH4concentration was largest over the equator,and gradually decreased as the latitude increased.Additionally,there was obvious seasonal change in the distribution of CH4concentration.In the lower troposphere,over most of the regions in the Northern Hemisphere,the average CH4concentration was higher in summer than it in winter.However,over the Sahara Desert and Tarim Basi

关 键 词：AIRS CH4 时空分布 季节变化 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]