长江表层土壤多氯联苯污染特征及风险评价  

Characteristics and health risk assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls in surface soil of the Yangtze River

作　　者：鲁垠涛[1] 刘明丽[1,2] 刘殷佐 张士超 向鑫鑫[1] 姚宏 LU Yin-tao;LIU Ming-li;LIU Yin-zuo;ZHANG Shi-chao;XIANG Xin-xin;YAO Hong(Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China;CCCC-AECOM Eco-Enviromental Co.,Ltd,Beijing 100010,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学土木与建筑工程学院,北京100044 [2]华康昇泰环境科技(北京)有限公司,北京100010

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2018年第12期4617-4624,共8页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家水专项(2014ZX07202-011);北京交通大学基本科研业务费(C16JB00440)

摘　　要：采用气质联用仪(GC-MS)对长江流域13个干流断面及18个支流断面处沿岸表层土壤样品中的多氯联苯(PCBs)进行测定,分析其残留特征、污染来源和健康风险.结果表明,长江流域表层土中ΣPCBs的含量范围为:1.05～50.11ng/g dw,平均值为5.71ng/g dw,含量处于较低污染水平.干流的PCBs含量从上游到下游呈现逐渐增大的趋势,且PCBs在宜昌、岳阳、武汉、重庆等二三线城市总含量较高.PCB 17,PCB 18,PCB 44,PCB 74,PCB 87的检出率较高,三氯联苯、四氯联苯是主要的同系物,表明长江流域表层土壤主要以低氯联苯污染为主.主成分分析表明研究区域PCBs主要来自于1号国产变压器油、Aorclor1242、1248、大气沉降及地表径流的混合污染源;对长江流域表层土壤健康风险评价表明,PCBs存在较小健康风险,呼吸摄入潜在风险低于经口摄入及皮肤接触.Polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)concentration in surface soil samples collected from14mainstream and18branch cross sections of the Yangtze River were analyzed by GC-MS.The residual characteristics,pollution sources,and ecological risks were also analyzed.The results showed that the concentrations of total PCBs in surface soil ranged from1.05to50.11ng/g dry weight(ng/g dw),with an average value of5.71ng/g dw,and the PCBs concentration in this study was in a comparatively low level.The content of PCBs in the mainstream has gradually increased from the upstream to the downstream,and the total content of PCB in the second and third-tier cities such as Yichang,Yueyang,Wuhan and Chongqing was relatively high.PCB17,PCB18,PCB44,PCB74,PCB87were identified as the prevalent contaminates of the surface soil.Tri-and tetra-chlorobiphenyl were the main congeners,indicating that the surface soil in the Yangtze River basin was mainly contaminated with low-chlorobiphenyl.The principal component analysis showed that PCBs mainly come from the mixed pollution sources of No.1transformer oil,Aorclor1242,1248,atmospheric deposition and surface runoff.The health risk assessment of surface soil in the Yangtze River Basin showed that PCBs have a relatively low risk,and the potential risk of inhalation was lower than accidental ingestion and dermal contact.

关 键 词：长江流域 多氯联苯 表层土壤 污染特征 风险评价 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]