不同钝化剂对污染土壤中多重金属的固定  

Fixation of Multiple Metals in Contaminated Soil by Different Passivators

作　　者：王辉 许超[1] 欧阳东盛[3] 王帅 吕光辉[4] 罗尊长 廖育林[5] 朱捍华[1] WANG Hui;XU Chao;OUYANG Dong-sheng;WANG Shuai;LV Guang-hui;LUO Zun-chang;LIAO Yu-lin;ZHU Han-hua(Key laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions,Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha 410125,PRC;College of Resources and Environment,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,PRC;College of Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,PRC;College of Resources and Environment Sciences,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410006,PRC;Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute,Changsha 410125,PRC)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,湖南长沙410125 [2]湖南农业大学资源环境学院,湖南长沙410128 [3]华南农业大学资源环境学院,广东广州510642 [4]湖南师范大学资源与环境科学学院,湖南长沙410006 [5]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2018年第11期38-41,共4页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：农业部财政部科研专项(农办财函[2016]6号);国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD05B02);湖南省自然科学基金(2015JJ2081);博士后基金(2014M562110)

摘　　要：采用钝化剂培养试验,研究施加沸石、石灰、赤泥和花生壳炭4种钝化剂对酸性多重金属污染土壤Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn的固化效果,以期筛选出对其固定效果较好的钝化剂。结果表明:施用沸石、石灰、赤泥和花生壳炭土壤pH值分别显著升高0.51～1.02、0.82～1.29、0.72～0.89和0.30～0.35;4种钝化剂对土壤中Cd和Zn固化效果的影响依次为石灰>赤泥>沸石>花生壳炭,对Pb固化效果的影响依次为赤泥>石灰>沸石>花生壳炭,对Cu固化效果的影响依次为赤泥>石灰>花生壳炭>沸石;土壤CaCl_2提取态Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn含量随着4种钝化剂施用量的增加而降低,石灰和赤泥对Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn均有较好的固定效果,施加低量(2.5 g/kg)石灰和赤泥土壤CaCl_2提取态Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn含量降低程度分别在41%、84%、76%和83%以上。可知,土壤pH值与CaCl_2提取态Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn含量均呈显著负相关(P <0.01),石灰和赤泥在低施用量时对酸性多重金属污染土壤Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn具有的固定效果。The effects of four passivators,zeolite,lime,red mud and peanut shell biochar,on the fixation of Cd,Pb,Cu and Zn in acidic multi-metal contaminated soils were studied by passivator culture experiment in order to screen out the passivator with better fixation effect.The results showed that the soil pH values of zeolite,lime,red mud and peanut shell biochar increased significantly by 0.51-1.02,0.82-1.29,0.72-0.89 and 0.30-0.35,respectively.The effects of four passivators on the fixation of Cd and Zn in soil were lime>red mud>zeolite>peanut shell biochar.The order of effect on the fixation of Pb is red mud>lime>zeolite>peanut shell biochar.The order of influence on fixation effect of Cu is red mud>lime>peanut shell carbon>zeolite.The contents of Cd,Pb,Cu and Zn in the extractable state of CaCl2 decreased with the increase of the application of four passivators.Lime and red mud had good fixation effects on Cd,Pb,Cu and Zn.The contents of Cd,Pb,Cu and Zn in the extractable state of CaCl2 in the low amount(2.5 g/kg)lime and red mud soil decreased by 41%,84%,76%and 83%respectively.Soil pH value was negatively correlated with Cd,Pb,Cu and Zn contents in CaCl2 extracts(P<0.01).Lime and red mud had significant fixation effects on Cd,Pb,Cu and Zn in acidic multi-metal contaminated soils at low application rates.

关 键 词：重金属有效性 复合污染 钝化剂 化学固定 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]