基于点云模型的桥梁构件形态变化趋势识别与分析  

Identification and Analysis of Geometric Shape Change Trends of Bridges Based on Point Cloud Model

作　　者：熊文[1] 石颖 丁旭东 唐平波 叶见曙[1] XIONG Wen;SHI Ying;DING Xu-dong;TANG Ping-bo;YE Jian-shu(School of Transportation,Southeast University,Nanjing 211189,China;Anhui Transportation Holding Group Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 230088,China;School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment,Arizona State University,Tempe 85281,United States of America)

机构地区：[1]东南大学交通学院,江苏南京211189 [2]安徽省交通控股集团有限公司,安徽合肥230088 [3]亚利桑那州立大学可持续工程与建筑环境学院,美国坦佩85281

出　　处：《桥梁建设》2018年第6期35-40,共6页Bridge Construction

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20161417);安徽省交通运输厅科技项目(JKKJ-2018-04;JKKJ-2018-18);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2242016R30023)~~

摘　　要：为准确识别桥梁运营期间关键构件的几何形态及其变化趋势,提出一种基于点云模型的构件形态识别方法。该方法利用激光扫描与点云模型拼接技术,建立运营期间桥梁结构的精细化三维数字模型,通过对构件的时空变化趋势进行跟踪,进行桥梁结构力学现状的判断及发展趋势的预测。以7座独柱墩桥梁的倾覆评估为例,采用三维激光扫描得到的点云模型,识别各桥支座转角、主梁相对支座侧移及整体结构行为变化,并通过2年跟踪得到主梁侧向倾覆的趋势。识别结果与常规检测数据及外部荷载特征一致。该方法可实现桥梁构件几何形态的远距离识别和整体结构行为变化的快速跟踪,为桥梁的安全预警提供合理依据。In order to accurately analyze the service conditions of key and hidden components,we proposed a trend identification method of the geometric shape changes based on a point cloud model.In this method,a refined digital model for a target bridge in service is established by laser scanning and point cloud registration.Thereby,the geometric shape changes of bridges are traced and the mechanical conditions including its development in future are identified and predicted.An evaluation for the overturning behaviors of seven single-column-pier bridges was considered as a case study to demonstrate the application of the proposed method.Based on the point cloud models of these bridges by the 3D laser scanning,the rotations of supporting bears,relative transverse displacements between the bears and girders,and behavior changes of entire structures were specifically identified.By two-year monitoring,the trends of bridge overturning were obtained and assessed.The accuracy of the identification-based trend prediction was verified by comparing the identification results to the real bridge conditions and the characteristics of external loads.The study shows that the proposed method can identify the geometric shape changes of bridges in a long distance and quickly trace the changes in bridge behaviors.It can also provide more theoretical bases for the safety warning of bridges.

关 键 词：桥梁检测 激光扫描 点云模型 几何形态 变化趋势 倾覆 安全预警 

分 类 号：U446.2[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程] U448.21[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]