检察改革40年的回顾与思考  

Retrospect and Reflection on the 40 Years' Procuratorial Reform

作　　者：高一飞[1] 陈恋 GAO Yifei;CHEN Lian(Law School,Southwest University of Political Science & Law,Chongqing 401120,China)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学法学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《四川理工学院学报（社会科学版）》2018年第6期1-21,共21页Journal of Sichuan University of Science & Engineering(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(18BFX078);司法部重点项目(17SFB1006)

摘　　要：司法改革已经走过40年,总结梳理人民检察院司法改革的理论与实践,合理评价改革得失,展望十九大后人民检察院改革的未来,这对于推进检察院司法改革,意义重大。改革开放以来,检察改革经历了四个阶段。第一个阶段是恢复重建中的检察改革(1978-1996),改革的内容有:机构恢复与重建、加强经济检察工作、对检察权进行调整。第二个阶段为第一轮司法改革中的检察改革(1997-2007),改革的内容有:加强检察官职业化建设、实行主诉检察官办案责任制、强化法律监督职能、改革对检察机关自身的监督制约机制。第三个阶段为第二轮司法改革中的检察改革(2008-2013),改革的内容有:优化检察职权配置、全面推进检务公开、拓宽监督渠道等。第四个阶段为第三轮司法改革中的检察改革(2013-),改革的主要内容有:推行司法责任制、强化诉讼监督、完善人民监督员制度、完成职务犯罪侦查权转隶、捕诉合一与内设机构改革。在最新一轮改革中,至2017年9月,中央部署由最高人民检察院承担的29项改革任务已基本完成或结项;检察改革规划提出的91项具体改革举措,82项已出台改革意见或结项。目前检察机关已经保质保量完成了阶段性改革任务。但第三轮改革仍有不足之处,如司法责任制改革的相关配套设施不够完善、人民监督员监督程序未收到实效、检察机关内外部监督机制有待加强、内设机构改革存在现实困境,等等。司法改革是一项系统工程,不可能一蹴而就,需要检察机关在党中央的指导下继续推进。十八届四中全会、全国司法体制改革推进会、十九大报告、第一次全面深化司法体制改革推进会以及《刑事诉讼法》《人民检察院组织法》的修改指明了检察机关接下来的改革重点:开展落实司法责任制综合配套改革试点、深化检察改革和现代科技应用结合、依法�The judicial reform has gone through40years.It is of great significance to summarize and sort out the theory and practice of the judicial reform of the People’s Procuratorate to rationally evaluate the gains and losses of the reform and look forward to the future of the reform of the People’s Procuratorate after the Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China.Since the reform and opening up,the procuratorial reform has gone through four stages.The first stage is the restoration of procuratorial reforms(1978-1996).The reforms include:institutional recovery and reconstruction,strengthening economic procuratorial work and adjusting procuratorial power.The second stage is the procuratorial reform in the first round of judicial reform(1997-2007).The reforms include:strengthening the professional construction of prosecutors,implementing the responsibility system for prosecutors,strengthening the role of legal supervision and reforming their own supervision and control mechanism of procuratorial organs.The third stage is the procuratorial reform in the second round of judicial reform(2008-2013).The reforms include:optimizing the allocation of procuratorial powers,comprehensively promoting procuratorial disclosure,and broadening supervision channels.The fourth stage is the procuratorial reform in the third round of judicial reform(2013--today).The main contents of the reform include:implementing the judicial responsibility system,strengthening the supervision of litigation,improving the system of people’s supervisors,completing the investigation of the right to investigate crimes,unifying arrest and prosecution and reforming internal institutions.In the latest round of reforms,as of September2017,the central government’s29reform tasks undertaken by the Supreme People’s Procuratorate have almost been completed or completed.As for the91specific reform measures proposed by the procuratorial reform plan,reform opinions have been put forward for82of them or the program has been concluded.At present,

关 键 词：检察改革 诉讼检察 检务公开 侦查权转隶 内设机构改革 综合配套机制改革 

分 类 号：D923.6[政治法律—民商法学]