非生育期覆膜对河套灌区盐碱地耕作层盐分的影响  

Effects of mulching in non-growth period on the salinity of cultivated layer in Hetao irrigation area

作　　者：杜超[1] 温埃清[1] 李军[1] 柴玉鑫[1] 王刚[1] 任志远[1] 张俊峰[1] 邬雪瑞 DU Chao;WEN Aiqing;LI Jun;CHAI Yuxin;WANG Gang;REN Zhiyuan;ZHANG Junfeng;WU Xuerui(Bayannur Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Linhe 015000,China)

机构地区：[1]巴彦淖尔市农牧业科学研究院,内蒙古临河区015000

出　　处：《北方农业学报》2018年第6期50-53,共4页Journal of Northern Agriculture

基　　金：国家特色油料产业技术体系(CARS-14-2-0X)

摘　　要：针对地下水位高、盐分表聚严重而作物难以生长的河套灌区中重度盐碱地,将地膜提早至非生育期覆盖,对生育期膜下耕作层进行了盐分动态测定和种植向日葵生物测定,评价了非生育期覆膜对膜下耕作层脱盐效果。结果表明:上年秋季覆膜和早春覆膜膜下耕作层较常规播前覆膜,在各生育时期盐分均明显降低,向日葵出苗率、成苗率、株高、茎粗、盘径均显著提高。上年秋季覆膜膜下0～10,10～20 cm耕作层脱盐率分别比常规覆膜提高21.54%,19.63%,0～20 cm平均脱盐率提高20.59%,向日葵灌浆期保苗率提高18百分点,产量提高58.1%;早春覆膜膜下耕作层0～10,10～20 cm脱盐率分别比常规覆膜提高13.70%,14.54%,0～20 cm平均脱盐率提高14.12%,向日葵灌浆期保苗率提高16百分点,产量提高38.2%。The moderate and severe saline-alkali land in Hetao irrigated area that is characterized by high underground water level,serious salt table accumulation and difficult crop growth.In this study,the effects of mulching film coverage early in the non-growth period,salt dynamics were investigated by planting sunflower bioassay for the submembrane farming layer during the growth period.The desalting effect of non-growing mulch on the underlayer is evaluated.The results showed that compared with the conventional pre-sowing mulching,film mulching in autumn of the previous year year and early spring mulching were significantly reduced in different growth periods.The seedling rate,plant height,stem diameter and disk diameter of sunflower were significantly increased.The desalting rates of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm tillage layers under film mulching in autumn of the previous year were 21.54%and 19.63%higher than the rates under conventional film mulching,respectively.The average 0-20 cm desalination rate increased by 20.59%.The seedling rate of sunflower increased by 18%during the filling stage.Production increased by 58.1%.The desalting rates of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm under early spring mulch were increased by 13.70%and 14.54%,respectively.The average 0-20 cm desalination rate increased by 14.12%.The seedling rate of sunflower increased by 16%during thefilling stage and production increased by 38.2%.

关 键 词：盐碱地 非生育期覆膜 耕作层盐分 向日葵 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]